Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • Assistant Professor, Microbiology, Meharry Medical College 1998 - 2002
  • Assistant Research Professor, Surgery, Duke University 1997 - 1998
  • Research Associate, Ctr. For Aids Research, Duke University 1992 - 1997
  • Postdoctoral Fellow, Rheumotology, Duke University 1991 - 1992
  • Ph.D., University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 1991
• 

  Duke Appointment History

  • Professor of Surgery, Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Surgery 2012 - 2020
  • Associate Professor of Surgery, Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Surgery 2006 - 2012
  • Associate Research Professor in Surgery, Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Surgery 2003 - 2006
  • Instructor, Temporary in the Department of Surgery, Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Surgery 2003
  • Assistant Research Professor in Surgery, Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Surgery 1997 - 1998
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • Small Molecule HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor with Novel Mechanisms of Action awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2021
  • Aloperine derivatives as novel anti-influenza agents awarded by National Institutes of Health 2020 - 2021
  • Plant Anti-HIV Agents awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2009 - 2020
  • Gnidimacrin and its derivatives against HIV-1 latency awarded by CRDF Global 2018 - 2019
  • Quinolizidines as Novel HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2018
  • Intervening with Latent HIV-1 Infection using Gnidimacrin awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2017
  • Regulation of PD-1 as a strategy against chronic HIV-1 infection awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2016
  • Betulinic acid derivatives as anti-HIV agents awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2016
  • Small Molecules that Regulate Proteasome Activity awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2013
  • Identification of anti-HIV agent(s) from Sophora Alkaloids awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2011
  • Dynamic Envelope interactions and HIV-1 Neutralization awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2008
  • TM-SU Interaction in the Native HIV/SIV Env awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2008
  • The Molecular Target of the HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor IC9564 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2006
  • Mechanisms Of Cd8+ Noncytolytic Inhibition Of Hiv-1 awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 1999
  • Neutralization Determinants Of A Primary Hiv-1 Isolate awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 1999
  • Peptide Models Of Two Helical Regions In Gp41 Ectodomain awarded by National Institutes of Health 1990 - 1999
  • Duke University Center For Aids Research awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1994
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Zhao, Yu, Chin-Ho Chen, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Design, synthesis, and structure activity relationship analysis of new betulinic acid derivatives as potent HIV inhibitors.” Eur J Med Chem 215 (April 5, 2021): 113287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113287.
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    • Feng, Da, Xiaofang Zuo, Lanlan Jing, Chin-Ho Chen, Fisayo A. Olotu, Hao Lin, Mahmoud Soliman, et al. “Design, synthesis, and evaluation of "dual-site"-binding diarylpyrimidines targeting both NNIBP and the NNRTI adjacent site of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.” Eur J Med Chem 211 (February 5, 2021): 113063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113063.
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    • Dang, Zhao, Lei Zhu, Lan Xie, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Faisal Malik, Zhijun Li, Li Huang, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Design and Synthesis of Quinolizidine Derivatives as Influenza Virus and HIV-1 Inhibitors.” Curr Med Chem, December 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867328666201229121802.
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    • Otsuki, Kouharu, Mi Zhang, Asuka Yamamoto, Minami Tsuji, Miyuko Tejima, Zi-Song Bai, Di Zhou, et al. “Anti-HIV Tigliane Diterpenoids from Wikstroemia scytophylla.” J Nat Prod 83, no. 12 (December 24, 2020): 3584–90. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00700.
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    • Otsuki, Kouharu, Wei Li, Kasumi Miura, Yoshihisa Asada, Li Huang, Chin-Ho Chen, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Kazuo Koike. “Isolation, Structural Elucidation, and Anti-HIV Activity of Daphnane Diterpenoids from Daphne odora.” J Nat Prod 83, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): 3270–77. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00540.
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    • Wang, Qiang, Yujiang Li, Liyun Zheng, Xiaowan Huang, Yanli Wang, Chin-Ho Chen, Yung-Yi Cheng, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Novel Betulinic Acid-Nucleoside Hybrids with Potent Anti-HIV Activity.” Acs Med Chem Lett 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 2290–93. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00414.
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    • Rahim, Abdul, Yohei Saito, Shuichi Fukuyoshi, Katsunori Miyake, Masuo Goto, Chin-Ho Chen, Gemini Alam, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto. “Paliasanines A-E, 3,4-Methylenedioxyquinoline Alkaloids Fused with a Phenyl-14-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Unit from Melochia umbellata var. deglabrata.” J Nat Prod 83, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): 2931–39. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00454.
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    • Sun, Songkai, Boshi Huang, Zhuo Li, Zhao Wang, Lin Sun, Ping Gao, Dongwei Kang, et al. “Discovery of potential dual-target prodrugs of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and nucleocapsid protein 7.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 30, no. 16 (August 15, 2020): 127287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127287.
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    • Li, Jian-Chun, Wei-Feng Dai, Dan Liu, Ming-Yan Jiang, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Xuan-Qin Chen, Chin-Ho Chen, Rong-Tao Li, and Hong-Mei Li. “Bioactive ent-isopimarane diterpenoids from Euphorbia neriifolia.” Phytochemistry 175 (July 2020): 112373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112373.
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    • Lu, Yan, Ya-Si Huang, Chin-Ho Chen, Toshiyuki Akiyama, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Yung-Yi Cheng, Ih-Sheng Chen, Sheng-Zehn Yang, Dao-Feng Chen, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Anti-HIV tigliane diterpenoids from Reutealis trisperma.” Phytochemistry 174 (June 2020): 112360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112360.
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    • Sun, Lin, Tianguang Huang, Alexej Dick, Megan E. Meuser, Waleed A. Zalloum, Chin-Ho Chen, Xiao Ding, et al. “Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole phenylalanine derivatives as novel HIV-1 capsid inhibitors with promising antiviral activities.” Eur J Med Chem 190 (March 15, 2020): 112085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112085.
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    • Zhao, Hua-Ding, Yan Lu, Min Yan, Chin-Ho Chen, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Dao-Feng Chen. “Rapid Recognition and Targeted Isolation of Anti-HIV Daphnane Diterpenes from Daphne genkwa Guided by UPLC-MS n .” J Nat Prod 83, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 134–41. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00993.
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    • Otsuki, Kouharu, Wei Li, Yoshihisa Asada, Chin-Ho Chen, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Kazuo Koike. “Daphneodorins A-C, Anti-HIV Gnidimacrin Related Macrocyclic Daphnane Orthoesters from Daphne odora.” Org Lett 22, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03539.
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    • Yang, Jing-Hua, Xin-Yi Wang, Yi-Ping Zhou, Rong Lu, Chin-Ho Chen, Meng-Han Zhang, Yung-Yi Cheng, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Yun-Song Wang. “Carbazole Alkaloids from Clausena anisum-olens: Isolation, Characterization, and Anti-HIV Evaluation.” Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 26, 2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010099.
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    • Jing, Lanlan, Gaochan Wu, Xia Hao, Fisayo A. Olotu, Dongwei Kang, Chin Ho Chen, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, et al. “Identification of highly potent and selective Cdc25 protein phosphatases inhibitors from miniaturization click-chemistry-based combinatorial libraries.” Eur J Med Chem 183 (December 1, 2019): 111696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111696.
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    • Liu, Qingbo, Yung-Yi Cheng, Wei Li, Li Huang, Yoshihisa Asada, Min-Tsang Hsieh, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Chin-Ho Chen, Kazuo Koike, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Correlations of Gnidimacrin Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 Inhibitors and HIV Latency Reversing Agents.” J Med Chem 62, no. 15 (August 8, 2019): 6958–71. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00339.
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    • Huang, Ya-Si, Yan Lu, Chin-Ho Chen, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Dao-Feng Chen. “Potent Anti-HIV Ingenane Diterpenoids from Euphorbia ebracteolata.” J Nat Prod 82, no. 6 (June 28, 2019): 1587–92. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00088.
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    • Gao, Ping, Xueshun Wang, Lin Sun, Xiqiang Cheng, Vasanthanathan Poongavanam, Jacob Kongsted, Mar Álvarez, et al. “Design, synthesis, and biologic evaluation of novel galloyl derivatives as HIV-1 RNase H inhibitors.” Chem Biol Drug Des 93, no. 4 (April 2019): 582–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.13455.
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    • Wu, Haifeng, Guoxu Ma, Qinwen Yang, Yindi Zhu, Li Huang, Yu Tian, Xiaoming Yang, et al. “Discovery and synthesis of novel beesioside I derivatives with potent anti-HIV activity.” Eur J Med Chem 166 (March 15, 2019): 159–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.020.
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    • Kang, Dongwei, Heng Zhang, Zhao Wang, Tong Zhao, Tiziana Ginex, Francisco Javier Luque, Yang Yang, et al. “Identification of Dihydrofuro[3,4- d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Novel HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Promising Antiviral Activities and Desirable Physicochemical Properties.” J Med Chem 62, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): 1484–1501. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01656.
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    • Jiang, Xiangyi, Gaochan Wu, Waleed A. Zalloum, Megan E. Meuser, Alexej Dick, Lin Sun, Chin-Ho Chen, et al. “Discovery of novel 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole phenylalanine derivatives as HIV-1 capsid inhibitors.” Rsc Adv 9, no. 50 (2019): 28961–86. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05869a.
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    • Wu, Gaochan, Waleed A. Zalloum, Megan E. Meuser, Lanlan Jing, Dongwei Kang, Chin-Ho Chen, Ye Tian, et al. “Discovery of phenylalanine derivatives as potent HIV-1 capsid inhibitors from click chemistry-based compound library.” Eur J Med Chem 158 (October 5, 2018): 478–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.029.
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    • Liu, Qingbo, Wei Li, Li Huang, Yoshihisa Asada, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Chin-Ho Chen, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Kazuo Koike. “Identification, structural modification, and dichotomous effects on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication of ingenane esters from Euphorbia kansui.” Eur J Med Chem 156 (August 5, 2018): 618–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.020.
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    • Rahim, Abdul, Yohei Saito, Katsunori Miyake, Masuo Goto, Chin-Ho Chen, Gemini Alam, Susan Morris-Natschke, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto. “Kleinhospitine E and Cycloartane Triterpenoids from Kleinhovia hospita.” J Nat Prod 81, no. 7 (July 27, 2018): 1619–27. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00211.
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    • Dong, Xin-Hong, Meng-Hsuan Ho, Bindong Liu, James Hildreth, Chandravanu Dash, J Shawn Goodwin, Muthukumar Balasubramaniam, Chin-Ho Chen, and Hua Xie. “Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in oral mucosal transmission of HIV.” Sci Rep 8, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 8812. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27284-6.
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    • Tian, Ye, Zhaoqiang Liu, Jinghan Liu, Boshi Huang, Dongwei Kang, Heng Zhang, Erik De Clercq, et al. “Targeting the entrance channel of NNIBP: Discovery of diarylnicotinamide 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs with high potency against wild-type and E138K mutant virus.” Eur J Med Chem 151 (May 10, 2018): 339–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.059.
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    • Dong, Miao, Xuan-Qin Chen, Chin-Ho Chen, and Rong-Tao Li. “Terpenes from Euphorbia antiquorum and Their in Vitro Anti-HIV Activity.” Chem Biodivers 15, no. 5 (May 2018): e1700560. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201700560.
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    • Huang, Li, Wei-Hong Lai, Lei Zhu, Wei Li, Lei Wei, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Lan Xie, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Elimination of HIV-1 Latently Infected Cells by Gnidimacrin and a Selective HDAC Inhibitor.” Acs Med Chem Lett 9, no. 3 (March 8, 2018): 268–73. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00012.
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    • Yan, Shi-Li, Yan-Hong Li, Xuan-Qin Chen, Dan Liu, Chin-Ho Chen, and Rong-Tao Li. “Diterpenes from the stem bark of Euphorbia neriifolia and their in vitro anti-HIV activity.” Phytochemistry 145 (January 2018): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.10.006.
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    • Dang, Zhao, Hua Xie, Lei Zhu, Qingye Zhang, Zhijun Li, Li Huang, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Structure Optimization of Aloperine Derivatives as HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors.” Acs Med Chem Lett 8, no. 11 (November 9, 2017): 1199–1203. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00376.
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    • Dong, Miao, Li-Qiu Quan, Wei-Feng Dai, Shi-Li Yan, Chin-Ho Chen, Xuan-Qin Chen, and Rong-Tao Li. “Anti-inflammatory and Anti-HIV Compounds from Swertia bimaculata.” Planta Med 83, no. 17 (November 2017): 1368–73. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-114736.
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    • Wei, Lei, Hui-Ling Wang, Li Huang, Chin-Ho Chen, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Lan Xie. “Drug-like property-driven optimization of 4-substituted 1,5-diarylanilines as potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against rilpivirine-resistant mutant virus.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 27, no. 12 (June 15, 2017): 2788–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.068.
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    • Wada, S., N. Tanaka, C. H. Chen, S. L. Morris-Natschke, K. H. Lee, and Y. Kashiwada. “Anti-HIV natural products (28): preparation of conjugate for 3-O-acyl betulin derivative and AZT as anti-HIV agents.” Planta Med 81, no. S 01 (December 2016): S1–381. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1596782.
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    • Zhao, Yu, Qiong Gu, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Chin-Ho Chen, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Incorporation of Privileged Structures into Bevirimat Can Improve Activity against Wild-Type and Bevirimat-Resistant HIV-1.” J Med Chem 59, no. 19 (October 13, 2016): 9262–68. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00461.
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    • Zhong, Jin-Dong, Xue-Wei Zhao, Xuan-Qin Chen, Hong-Mei Li, Chin-Ho Chen, Xue-Shan Xia, and Rong-Tao Li. “Two new ursane-type triterpenoid saponins from Elsholtzia bodinieri.” Arch Pharm Res 39, no. 6 (June 2016): 771–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-016-0750-8.
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    • Liu, Na, Lei Wei, Li Huang, Fei Yu, Weifan Zheng, Bingjie Qin, Dong-Qin Zhu, et al. “Novel HIV-1 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Agents: Optimization of Diarylanilines with High Potency against Wild-Type and Rilpivirine-Resistant E138K Mutant Virus.” J Med Chem 59, no. 8 (April 28, 2016): 3689–3704. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01827.
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    • Jiang, Cheng, Pan Luo, Yu Zhao, Jialing Hong, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Jun Xu, Chin-Ho Chen, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Qiong Gu. “Carolignans from the Aerial Parts of Euphorbia sikkimensis and Their Anti-HIV Activity.” J Nat Prod 79, no. 3 (March 25, 2016): 578–83. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01012.
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    • Dang, Zhao, Lei Zhu, Weihong Lai, Hal Bogerd, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Li Huang, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Aloperine and Its Derivatives as a New Class of HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors.” Acs Med Chem Lett 7, no. 3 (March 10, 2016): 240–44. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00339.
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    • Ho, Meng-Hsuan, Li Huang, J Shawn Goodwin, Xinhong Dong, Chin-Ho Chen, and Hua Xie. “Two Small Molecules Block Oral Epithelial Cell Invasion by Porphyromons gingivalis.” Plos One 11, no. 2 (2016): e0149618. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149618.
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    • Li, Jizhen, Masuo Goto, Xiaoming Yang, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Li Huang, Chin-Ho Chen, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Fluorinated betulinic acid derivatives and evaluation of their anti-HIV activity.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 68–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.029.
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    • Yan, Min, Yan Lu, Chin-Ho Chen, Yu Zhao, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Dao-Feng Chen. “Stelleralides D-J and Anti-HIV Daphnane Diterpenes from Stellera chamaejasme.” J Nat Prod 78, no. 11 (November 25, 2015): 2712–18. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00660.
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    • Lai, Weihong, Li Huang, Lei Zhu, Guido Ferrari, Cliburn Chan, Wei Li, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Gnidimacrin, a Potent Anti-HIV Diterpene, Can Eliminate Latent HIV-1 Ex Vivo by Activation of Protein Kinase C β.” J Med Chem 58, no. 21 (November 12, 2015): 8638–46. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01233.
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    • Li, H. M., C. Zhou, C. H. Chen, R. T. Li, and K. H. Lee. “Flavonoids isolated from heat-processed Epimedium koreanum and their anti-HIV-1 activities.” Helvetica Chimica Acta 98, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 1177–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.201500123.
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    • Xu, Kai, Ke Wang, Ying Yang, Ding-An Yan, Li Huang, Chin-Ho Chen, and Zhiyan Xiao. “Discovery of novel non-covalent inhibitors selective to the β5-subunit of the human 20S proteasome.” Eur J Med Chem 98 (June 15, 2015): 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.023.
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    • Dang, Zhao, Katherine Jung, Lei Zhu, Hua Xie, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Chin-Ho Chen, and Li Huang. “Phenolic diterpenoid derivatives as anti-influenza a virus agents.” Acs Med Chem Lett 6, no. 3 (March 12, 2015): 355–58. https://doi.org/10.1021/ml500533x.
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    • Gao, Jiadi, Cheng Fang, Zhiyan Xiao, Li Huang, Chin-Ho Chen, Li-Ting Wang, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Discovery of novel 5-fluoro-N2,N4-diphenylpyrimidine-2,4-diamines as potent inhibitors against CDK2 and CDK9.” Medchemcomm 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 444–54. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4MD00412D.
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    • Mantri, Chinmay K., Chin-Ho Chen, Xinhong Dong, Jeffery Shawn Goodwin, Siddharth Pratap, Victor Paromov, and Hua Xie. “Fimbriae-mediated outer membrane vesicle production and invasion of Porphyromonas gingivalis.” Microbiologyopen 4, no. 1 (February 2015): 53–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.221.
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    • Ho, Meng-Hsuan, Chin-Ho Chen, J Shawn Goodwin, Bing-Yan Wang, and Hua Xie. “Functional Advantages of Porphyromonas gingivalis Vesicles.” Plos One 10, no. 4 (2015): e0123448. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123448.
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    • Huang, Li, Katherine Jung, and Chin Ho Chen. “Inhibitory effect of b-AP15 on the 20S proteasome.” Biomolecules 4, no. 4 (October 14, 2014): 931–39. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom4040931.
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    • Dang, Zhao, Katherine Jung, Lei Zhu, Weihong Lai, Hua Xie, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Li Huang, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Identification and synthesis of quinolizidines with anti-influenza a virus activity.” Acs Med Chem Lett 5, no. 8 (August 14, 2014): 942–46. https://doi.org/10.1021/ml500236n.
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    • Mantri, C. K., C. Chen, X. Dong, J. S. Goodwin, and H. Xie. “Porphyromonas gingivalis-mediated Epithelial Cell Entry of HIV-1.” J Dent Res 93, no. 8 (August 2014): 794–800. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034514537647.
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    • Wu, Zhi-Yuan, Na Liu, Bingjie Qin, Li Huang, Fei Yu, Keduo Qian, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, et al. “Optimization of the antiviral potency and lipophilicity of halogenated 2,6-diarylpyridinamines as a novel class of HIV-1 NNRTIS.” Chemmedchem 9, no. 7 (July 2014): 1546–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201400075.
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    • Asada, Yoshihisa, Aya Sukemori, Takashi Watanabe, Kuber J. Malla, Takafumi Yoshikawa, Wei Li, Xinzhu Kuang, et al. “Isolation, structure determination, and anti-HIV evaluation of tigliane-type diterpenes and biflavonoid from Stellera chamaejasme.” J Nat Prod 76, no. 5 (May 24, 2013): 852–57. https://doi.org/10.1021/np300815t.
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    • Whisnant, Adam W., Hal P. Bogerd, Omar Flores, Phong Ho, Jason G. Powers, Natalia Sharova, Mario Stevenson, Chin-Ho Chen, and Bryan R. Cullen. “In-depth analysis of the interaction of HIV-1 with cellular microRNA biogenesis and effector mechanisms.” Mbio 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2013): e000193. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00193-13.
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    • Dang, Zhao, Phong Ho, Lei Zhu, Keduo Qian, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Li Huang, and Chin-Ho Chen. “New betulinic acid derivatives for bevirimat-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type-1.” J Med Chem 56, no. 5 (March 14, 2013): 2029–37. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm3016969.
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    • Liu, Yingqian, Keduo Qian, Chih-Ya Wang, Chin-Ho Chen, Xiaoming Yang, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel spin labeled 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 22, no. 24 (December 15, 2012): 7530–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.041.
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    • Qian, Keduo, Ibrahim D. Bori, Chin-Ho Chen, Li Huang, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents 90. novel C-28 modified bevirimat analogues as potent HIV maturation inhibitors.” J Med Chem 55, no. 18 (September 27, 2012): 8128–36. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm301040s.
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    • Sun, Lian-Qi, Lei Zhu, Keduo Qian, Bingjie Qin, Li Huang, Chin Ho Chen, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Lan Xie. “Design, synthesis, and preclinical evaluations of novel 4-substituted 1,5-diarylanilines as potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) drug candidates.” J Med Chem 55, no. 16 (August 23, 2012): 7219–29. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm3007678.
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    • Dang, Zhao, Keduo Qian, Phong Ho, Lei Zhu, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Li Huang, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Synthesis of betulinic acid derivatives as entry inhibitors against HIV-1 and bevirimat-resistant HIV-1 variants.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 22, no. 16 (August 15, 2012): 5190–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.080.
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    • Tsou, Lun K., Chin-Ho Chen, Ginger E. Dutschman, Yung-Chi Cheng, and Andrew D. Hamilton. “Blocking HIV-1 entry by a gp120 surface binding inhibitor.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 22, no. 9 (May 1, 2012): 3358–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.079.
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    • Xu, Kai, Zhiyan Xiao, Yan Bo Tang, Li Huang, Chin-Ho Chen, Emika Ohkoshi, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Design and synthesis of naphthoquinone derivatives as antiproliferative agents and 20S proteasome inhibitors.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 22, no. 8 (April 15, 2012): 2772–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.086.
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    • Bori, Ibrahim D., Hsin-Yi Hung, Keduo Qian, Chin-Ho Chen, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents 88. Anti-HIV conjugates of betulin and betulinic acid with AZT prepared via click chemistry.” Tetrahedron Lett 53, no. 15 (April 11, 2012): 1987–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.02.022.
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    • Sun, Lian-Qi, Bingjie Qin, Li Huang, Keduo Qian, Chin-Ho Chen, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Lan Xie. “Optimization of 2,4-diarylanilines as non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 22, no. 7 (April 1, 2012): 2376–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.055.
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    • Dang, Zhao, Kathy Jung, Keduo Qian, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Li Huang, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Synthesis of Lithocholic Acid Derivatives as Proteasome Regulators.” Acs Med Chem Lett 3, no. 11 (2012): 925–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/ml3001962.
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    • Zhou, Ting, Qian Shi, Chin-Ho Chen, Li Huang, Phong Ho, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents 85. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 1R,2R-dicamphanoyl-3,3-dimethyldihydropyrano-[2,3-c]xanthen-7(1H)-one (DCX) derivatives as novel anti-HIV agents.” Eur J Med Chem 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.025.
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    • Gryder, B. E., W. Guerrant, C. H. Chen, and A. K. Oyelere. “Oxathiazole-2-one derivative of bortezomib: Synthesis, stability and proteasome inhibition activity.” Medchemcomm 2, no. 11 (November 1, 2011): 1083–86. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1md00208b.
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    • Chen, Ying, Ming Cheng, Fa-Qiang Liu, Peng Xia, Keduo Qian, Donglei Yu, Yi Xia, et al. “Anti-AIDS agents 86. Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 2',3'-seco-3'-nor DCP and DCK analogues.” Eur J Med Chem 46, no. 10 (October 2011): 4924–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.051.
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    • Liu, Hong-Shan, Shi-Qing Xu, Ming Cheng, Ying Chen, Peng Xia, Keduo Qian, Yi Xia, et al. “Anti-AIDS agents 87. New bio-isosteric dicamphanoyl-dihydropyranochromone (DCP) and dicamphanoyl-khellactone (DCK) analogues with potent anti-HIV activity.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 21, no. 19 (October 1, 2011): 5831–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.105.
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    • Qian, Keduo, Sang-Yong Kim, Hsin-Yi Hung, Li Huang, Chin-Ho Chen, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “New betulinic acid derivatives as potent proteasome inhibitors.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 21, no. 19 (October 1, 2011): 5944–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.072.
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    • Lai, Weihong, Li Huang, Phong Ho, David Montefiori, and Chin-Ho Chen. “The role of dynamin in HIV type 1 Env-mediated cell-cell fusion.” Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 27, no. 9 (September 2011): 1013–17. https://doi.org/10.1089/AID.2010.0259.
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    • Wang, Qiang, Weidong Hu, Shuyang Wang, Zhenliang Pan, Le Tao, Xiaohe Guo, Keduo Qian, Chin-Ho Chen, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Junbiao Chang. “Synthesis of new 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-4'-azido nucleoside analogues as potent anti-HIV agents.” Eur J Med Chem 46, no. 9 (September 2011): 4178–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.06.020.
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    • Asada, Yoshihisa, Aya Sukemori, Takashi Watanabe, Kuber J. Malla, Takafumi Yoshikawa, Wei Li, Kazuo Koike, et al. “Stelleralides A-C, novel potent anti-HIV daphnane-type diterpenoids from Stellera chamaejasme L.” Org Lett 13, no. 11 (June 3, 2011): 2904–7. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol200889s.
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    • Tang, Yan-Boi, Chuan-Ming Zhang, Cheng Fang, Chun Hu, Li Huang, Chin-Ho Chen, and Zhi-Yan Xiao. “[Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 2H-1, 4-benzodiazepine-2-ones as inhibitors of HIV-1 transcription].” Yao Xue Xue Bao 46, no. 6 (June 2011): 688–94.
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    • Dang, Zhao, Andrew Lin, Phong Ho, Dominique Soroka, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Li Huang, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Synthesis and proteasome inhibition of lithocholic acid derivatives.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 21, no. 7 (April 1, 2011): 1926–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.041.
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    • Huang, Li, Phong Ho, Jie Yu, Lei Zhu, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Picomolar dichotomous activity of gnidimacrin against HIV-1.” Plos One 6, no. 10 (2011): e26677. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026677.
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    • Tian, Xingtao, Bingjie Qin, Zhiyuan Wu, Xiaofeng Wang, Hong Lu, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Chin Ho Chen, Shibo Jiang, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Lan Xie. “Design, synthesis, and evaluation of diarylpyridines and diarylanilines as potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.” J Med Chem 53, no. 23 (December 9, 2010): 8287–97. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm100738d.
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    • Zhou, Ting, Qian Shi, Chin-Ho Chen, Hao Zhu, Li Huang, Phong Ho, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents 79. Design, synthesis, molecular modeling and structure-activity relationships of novel dicamphanoyl-2',2'-dimethyldihydropyranochromone (DCP) analogs as potent anti-HIV agents.” Bioorg Med Chem 18, no. 18 (September 15, 2010): 6678–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.065.
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    • Xiong, Juan, Yoshiki Kashiwada, Chin-Ho Chen, Keduo Qian, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Yoshihisa Takaishi. “Conjugates of betulin derivatives with AZT as potent anti-HIV agents.” Bioorg Med Chem 18, no. 17 (September 1, 2010): 6451–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.092.
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    • Wang, Qiang, Yanfeng Li, Chuanjun Song, Keduo Qian, Chin-Ho Chen, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Junbiao Chang. “Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-4'-C-ethynyl nucleoside analogs.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 20, no. 14 (July 15, 2010): 4053–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.090.
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    • Qin, Bingjie, Xingkai Jiang, Hong Lu, Xingtao Tian, Florent Barbault, Li Huang, Keduo Qian, et al. “Diarylaniline derivatives as a distinct class of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.” J Med Chem 53, no. 13 (July 8, 2010): 4906–16. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm1002952.
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    • Tang, Jian, Keduo Qian, Bei-Na Zhang, Ying Chen, Peng Xia, Donglei Yu, Yi Xia, et al. “Anti-AIDS agents 82: synthesis of seco-(3'R,4'R)-3',4'-di-O-(S)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone (DCK) derivatives as novel anti-HIV agents.” Bioorg Med Chem 18, no. 12 (June 15, 2010): 4363–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2010.04.089.
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    • Qian, Keduo, Reen-Yun Kuo, Chin-Ho Chen, Li Huang, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents 81. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid and moronic acid derivatives as potent HIV maturation inhibitors.” J Med Chem 53, no. 8 (April 22, 2010): 3133–41. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm901782m.
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    • Lai, Wei-hong, Li Huang, and Chin-ho Chen. “HIV entry inhibitors: progress in development and application.” Yao Xue Xue Bao 45, no. 2 (February 2010): 131–40.
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    • Dang, Zhao, Weihong Lai, Keduo Qian, Phong Ho, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Chin-Ho Chen, and Li Huang. “Betulinic acid derivatives as human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) inhibitors.” J Med Chem 52, no. 23 (December 10, 2009): 7887–91. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9004253.
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    • Dang, Z., L. Huang, and C. Chen. “HIV-1 maturation inhibitors: An update.” Drugs of the Future 34, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 797–802. https://doi.org/10.1358/dof.2009.34.10.1428207.
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    • Tian, Xingtao, Bingjie Qin, Hong Lu, Weihong Lai, Shibo Jiang, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Chin Ho Chen, and Lan Xie. “Discovery of diarylpyridine derivatives as novel non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.” Bioorg Med Chem Lett 19, no. 18 (September 15, 2009): 5482–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.080.
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    • Qian, Keduo, Donglei Yu, Chin-Ho Chen, Li Huang, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Theodore J. Nitz, Karl Salzwedel, Mary Reddick, Graham P. Allaway, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents. 78. Design, synthesis, metabolic stability assessment, and antiviral evaluation of novel betulinic acid derivatives as potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents.” J Med Chem 52, no. 10 (May 28, 2009): 3248–58. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm900136j.
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    • Dang, Z., L. Huang, and C. H. Chen. “HIV-1 maturation inhibitors: An update.” Drugs of the Future 34, no. 10 (January 1, 2009): 797–802. https://doi.org/10.1358/dof.2009.034.10.1428207.
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    • Huang, Li, and Chin Ho Chen. “Proteasome regulators: activators and inhibitors.” Curr Med Chem 16, no. 8 (2009): 931–39. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986709787581860.
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    • Huang, Li, Donglei Yu, Phong Ho, Keduo Qian, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Synthesis and proteasome inhibition of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives.” Bioorg Med Chem 16, no. 14 (July 15, 2008): 6696–6701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.078.
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    • Lai, Weihong, Li Huang, Phong Ho, Zhijun Li, David Montefiori, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Betulinic acid derivatives that target gp120 and inhibit multiple genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52, no. 1 (January 2008): 128–36. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00737-07.
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    • Huang, Li, Phong Ho, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Activation and inhibition of the proteasome by betulinic acid and its derivatives.” Febs Lett 581, no. 25 (October 16, 2007): 4955–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.09.031.
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    • Huang, L., D. Yu, P. Ho, K. H. Lee, and C. H. Chen. “Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of Bif-functional triterpene derivatives.” Letters in Drug Design and Discovery 4, no. 7 (October 1, 2007): 471–78. https://doi.org/10.2174/157018007781788561.
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    • Huang, Li, Weihong Lai, Phong Ho, and Chin Ho Chen. “Induction of a nonproductive conformational change in gp120 by a small molecule HIV type 1 entry inhibitor.” Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2006.0137.
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    • Zhou, Jing, Chin Ho Chen, and Christopher Aiken. “Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to the small molecule maturation inhibitor 3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)-betulinic acid is conferred by a variety of single amino acid substitutions at the CA-SP1 cleavage site in Gag.” J Virol 80, no. 24 (December 2006): 12095–101. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01626-06.
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    • Yu, Donglei, Yojiro Sakurai, Chin-Ho Chen, Fang-Rong Chang, Li Huang, Yoshiki Kashiwada, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents 69. Moronic acid and other triterpene derivatives as novel potent anti-HIV agents.” J Med Chem 49, no. 18 (September 7, 2006): 5462–69. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0601912.
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    • Xie, Hua, Natalya I. Belogortseva, Jie Wu, Wei-Hong Lai, and Chin-ho Chen. “Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry by a binding domain of Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50, no. 9 (September 2006): 3070–74. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01578-05.
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    • Huang, Li, Phong Ho, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Chin-Ho Chen. “Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of bi-functional betulinic acid derivatives.” Bioorg Med Chem 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2006): 2279–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2005.11.016.
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    • Zhou, Jing, Li Huang, David L. Hachey, Chin Ho Chen, and Christopher Aiken. “Inhibition of HIV-1 maturation via drug association with the viral Gag protein in immature HIV-1 particles.” J Biol Chem 280, no. 51 (December 23, 2005): 42149–55. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M508951200.
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    • Yu, Donglei, Carl T. Wild, David E. Martin, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Chin-Ho Chen, Graham P. Allaway, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “The discovery of a class of novel HIV-1 maturation inhibitors and their potential in the therapy of HIV.” Expert Opin Investig Drugs 14, no. 6 (June 2005): 681–93. https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.14.6.681.
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    • Huang, Li, Xiong Yuan, Donglei Yu, K. H. Lee, and Chin Ho Chen. “Mechanism of action and resistant profile of anti-HIV-1 coumarin derivatives.” Virology 332, no. 2 (February 20, 2005): 623–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2004.11.033.
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    • Aiken, Christopher, and Chin Ho Chen. “Betulinic acid derivatives as HIV-1 antivirals.” Trends Mol Med 11, no. 1 (January 2005): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2004.11.001.
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    • Huang, L., and C. H. Chen. “The molecular targets of anti-HIV-1 triterpenes, an update.” Medicinal Chemistry Reviews  Online 2, no. 5 (January 1, 2005): 423–27. https://doi.org/10.2174/156720305774330449.
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    • Yu, Donglei, Chin-Ho Chen, Arnold Brossi, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents. 60. Substituted 3'R,4'R-di-O-(-)-camphanoyl-2',2'-dimethyldihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromone (DCP) analogues as potent anti-HIV agents.” J Med Chem 47, no. 16 (July 29, 2004): 4072–82. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0400505.
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    • Yuan, Xiong, Li Huang, Phong Ho, Celia Labranche, and Chin Ho Chen. “Conformation of gp120 determines the sensitivity of HIV-1 DH012 to the entry inhibitor IC9564.” Virology 324, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 525–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.009.
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    • Zhou, Jing, Chin Ho Chen, and Christopher Aiken. “The sequence of the CA-SP1 junction accounts for the differential sensitivity of HIV-1 and SIV to the small molecule maturation inhibitor 3-O-{3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl}-betulinic acid.” Retrovirology 1 (June 29, 2004): 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-1-15.
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    • Huang, Li, Xiong Yuan, Christopher Aiken, and Chin Ho Chen. “Bifunctional anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 small molecules with two novel mechanisms of action.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48, no. 2 (February 2004): 663–65. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.2.663-665.2004.
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    • Zhou, Jing, Xiong Yuan, David Dismuke, Brett M. Forshey, Christopher Lundquist, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Christopher Aiken, and Chin Ho Chen. “Small-molecule inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by specific targeting of the final step of virion maturation.” J Virol 78, no. 2 (January 2004): 922–29. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.2.922-929.2004.
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    • Zhu, Chongbin, Thomas J. Matthews, and Chin Ho Chen. “Neutralization epitopes of the HIV-1 primary isolate DH012.” Vaccine 21, no. 23 (July 4, 2003): 3301–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00218-4.
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    • Huang, Li, Linda Zhang, and Chin Ho Chen. “Potential drug targets on the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41.” Curr Pharm Des 9, no. 18 (2003): 1453–62. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612033454720.
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    • Sun, I-Chen, Chin-Ho Chen, Yoshiki Kashiwada, Jiu-Hong Wu, Hui-Kang Wang, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents 49. Synthesis, anti-HIV, and anti-fusion activities of IC9564 analogues based on betulinic acid.” J Med Chem 45, no. 19 (September 12, 2002): 4271–75. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm020069c.
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    • Huang, Li, and Chin Ho Chen. “Molecular targets of anti-HIV-1 triterpenes.” Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord 2, no. 1 (March 2002): 33–36. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568005024605936.
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    • Zhu, C. B., L. Zhu, S. Holz-Smith, T. J. Matthews, and C. H. Chen. “The role of the third beta strand in gp120 conformation and neutralization sensitivity of the HIV-1 primary isolate DH012.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, no. 26 (December 18, 2001): 15227–32. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.261359098.
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    • Chen, C. H., L. Jin, C. Zhu, S. Holz-Smith, and T. J. Matthews. “Induction and characterization of neutralizing antibodies against a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolate.” J Virol 75, no. 14 (July 2001): 6700–6704. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.75.14.6700-6704.2001.
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    • Holz-Smith, S. L., I. C. Sun, L. Jin, T. J. Matthews, K. H. Lee, and C. H. Chen. “Role of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope in the anti-HIV activity of the betulinic acid derivative IC9564.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45, no. 1 (January 2001): 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.45.1.60-66.2001.
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    • Chen, C. H., M. L. Greenberg, D. P. Bolognesi, and T. J. Matthews. “Monoclonal antibodies that bind to the core of fusion-active glycoprotein 41.” Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 16, no. 18 (December 10, 2000): 2037–41. https://doi.org/10.1089/088922200750054765.
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    • Cho, M. W., M. K. Lee, C. H. Chen, T. Matthews, and M. A. Martin. “Identification of gp120 regions targeted by a highly potent neutralizing antiserum elicited in a chimpanzee inoculated with a primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate.” J Virol 74, no. 20 (October 2000): 9749–54. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.20.9749-9754.2000.
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    • Sun, I. C., H. K. Wang, Y. Kashiwada, J. K. Shen, L. M. Cosentino, C. H. Chen, L. M. Yang, and K. H. Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents. 34. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of betulin derivatives as anti-HIV agents.” J Med Chem 41, no. 23 (November 5, 1998): 4648–57. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm980391g.
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    • Lacey, S. F., K. J. Weinhold, C. H. Chen, C. McDanal, C. Oei, and M. L. Greenberg. “Herpesvirus saimiri transformation of HIV type 1 suppressive CD8+ lymphocytes from an HIV type 1-infected asymptomatic individual.” Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 14, no. 6 (April 10, 1998): 521–31. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.1998.14.521.
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    • Hashimoto, F., Y. Kashiwada, L. M. Cosentino, C. H. Chen, P. E. Garrett, and K. H. Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents--XXVII. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of betulinic acid and dihydrobetulinic acid derivatives.” Bioorg Med Chem 5, no. 12 (December 1997): 2133–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896(97)00158-2.
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    • Greenberg, M. L., S. F. Lacey, C. H. Chen, D. P. Bolognesi, and K. J. Weinhold. “Noncytolytic CD8 T cell-mediated suppression of HIV replication.” Springer Semin Immunopathol 18, no. 3 (1997): 355–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00813503.
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    • Kashiwada, Y., F. Hashimoto, L. M. Cosentino, C. H. Chen, P. E. Garrett, and K. H. Lee. “Betulinic acid and dihydrobetulinic acid derivatives as potent anti-HIV agents.” J Med Chem 39, no. 5 (March 1, 1996): 1016–17. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm950922q.
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    • Toso, J. F., C. H. Chen, J. R. Mohr, L. Piglia, C. Oei, G. Ferrari, M. L. Greenberg, and K. J. Weinhold. “Oligoclonal CD8 lymphocytes from persons with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection inhibit HIV-1 replication.” J Infect Dis 172, no. 4 (October 1995): 964–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/172.4.964.
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    • Chen, C. H., T. J. Matthews, C. B. McDanal, D. P. Bolognesi, and M. L. Greenberg. “A molecular clasp in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 TM protein determines the anti-HIV activity of gp41 derivatives: implication for viral fusion.” J Virol 69, no. 6 (June 1995): 3771–77. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.69.6.3771-3777.1995.
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    • Huang, L., Y. Kashiwada, L. M. Cosentino, S. Fan, C. H. Chen, A. T. McPhail, T. Fujioka, K. Mihashi, and K. H. Lee. “Anti-AIDS agents. 15. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of dihydroseselins and related analogs.” J Med Chem 37, no. 23 (November 11, 1994): 3947–55. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00049a014.
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    • Matthews, T. J., C. Wild, C. H. Chen, D. P. Bolognesi, and M. L. Greenberg. “Structural rearrangements in the transmembrane glycoprotein after receptor binding.” Immunol Rev 140 (August 1994): 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1994.tb00866.x.
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    • Chen, C. H., K. J. Weinhold, J. A. Bartlett, D. P. Bolognesi, and M. L. Greenberg. “CD8+ T lymphocyte-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 long terminal repeat transcription: a novel antiviral mechanism.” Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 9, no. 11 (November 1993): 1079–86. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.1993.9.1079.
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    • Chen, C. H., and Y. C. Cheng. “The role of cytoplasmic deoxycytidine kinase in the mitochondrial effects of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus compound, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine.” J Biol Chem 267, no. 5 (February 15, 1992): 2856–59.
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    • Chen, C. H., M. Vazquez-Padua, and Y. C. Cheng. “Effect of anti-human immunodeficiency virus nucleoside analogs on mitochondrial DNA and its implication for delayed toxicity.” Mol Pharmacol 39, no. 5 (May 1991): 625–28.
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    • Cheng, Y. C., W. Y. Gao, C. H. Chen, M. Vazquez-Padua, and M. C. Starnes. “DNA polymerases versus HIV reverse transcriptase in AIDS therapy.” Ann N Y Acad Sci 616 (1990): 217–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb17842.x.
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    • Chen, C. H., and Y. C. Cheng. “Delayed cytotoxicity and selective loss of mitochondrial DNA in cells treated with the anti-human immunodeficiency virus compound 2',3'-dideoxycytidine.” J Biol Chem 264, no. 20 (July 15, 1989): 11934–37.
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  • Conference Papers

    • Huang, L., W. Lai, L. Zhu, and C. -. H. Chen. “Elimination of HIV-1 latently infected cells by PKC agonist gnidimacrin alone and in combination with a histone deacetylase inhibitor.” In Journal of the International Aids Society, Vol. 19. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2016.
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    • Zhou, Ting, Chin-Ho Chen, Qian Shi, Li Huang, Phong Ho, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel dicamphanoyl-2 ',2 '-dimethyldihydropyranochromone (DCP) analogs as potent anti-HIV agents.” In Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 240. AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2010.
       Link to Item
    • Qian, Keduo, Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto, Chin-Ho Chen, Susan Morris-Natschke, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Structure-activity relationship study of novel betulinic acid analogs as potent HIV maturation inhibitors.” In Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 238. AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2009.
       Link to Item
    • Sakurai, Yojiro, Donglei Yu, Chin-Ho Chen, Fang-Rong Chang, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. “Moronic acid derivatives as novel potent anti-HIV agents.” In Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 231. AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2006.
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