BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to elucidate relative preferences of women with ovarian cancer for symptoms, treatment-related side effects, and progression-free survival (PFS) relevant to choosing a treatment regimen. METHODS: Women with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer participated in a survey that included 3 methods to measure patient preferences (ratings, rankings, and a discrete-choice experiment) for 7 attributes: mode of administration, visit frequency, peripheral neuropathy, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, and PFS. Participants were asked to choose between 2 unlabeled treatment scenarios that were characterized using the 7 attributes. Each participant completed 12 choice questions in which attribute levels were assigned according to an experimental design and a fixed-choice question representing 2 chemotherapy regimens for ovarian cancer. RESULTS: In total, 95 women completed the survey. Participants' ratings and rankings revealed greater concern and importance for PFS than for any other attribute (P < .0001 for all). The discrete-choice experiment revealed that the relative odds that a participant would choose a scenario with 18 months, 21 months, and 24 months of PFS versus 15 months of PFS were 1.5 (P = .01), 3.4 (P < .001), and 7.5 (P < .001), respectively. However, participants' choices indicated that they were willing to accept a shorter PFS to avoid severe side effects: 6.7 months to reduce nausea and vomiting from severe to mild, 5.0 months to reduce neuropathy from severe to mild, and 3.7 months to reduce abdominal symptoms from severe to moderate. CONCLUSIONS: PFS is the predominant driver of patient preferences for chemotherapy regimens. However, women in the current study were willing to trade significant PFS time for reductions in treatment-related toxicity.