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Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.

Publication ,  Journal Article
David, LA; Maurice, CF; Carmody, RN; Gootenberg, DB; Button, JE; Wolfe, BE; Ling, AV; Devlin, AS; Varma, Y; Fischbach, MA; Biddinger, SB ...
Published in: Nature
January 23, 2014

Long-term dietary intake influences the structure and activity of the trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gut, but it remains unclear how rapidly and reproducibly the human gut microbiome responds to short-term macronutrient change. Here we show that the short-term consumption of diets composed entirely of animal or plant products alters microbial community structure and overwhelms inter-individual differences in microbial gene expression. The animal-based diet increased the abundance of bile-tolerant microorganisms (Alistipes, Bilophila and Bacteroides) and decreased the levels of Firmicutes that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides (Roseburia, Eubacterium rectale and Ruminococcus bromii). Microbial activity mirrored differences between herbivorous and carnivorous mammals, reflecting trade-offs between carbohydrate and protein fermentation. Foodborne microbes from both diets transiently colonized the gut, including bacteria, fungi and even viruses. Finally, increases in the abundance and activity of Bilophila wadsworthia on the animal-based diet support a link between dietary fat, bile acids and the outgrowth of microorganisms capable of triggering inflammatory bowel disease. In concert, these results demonstrate that the gut microbiome can rapidly respond to altered diet, potentially facilitating the diversity of human dietary lifestyles.

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Published In

Nature

DOI

EISSN

1476-4687

Publication Date

January 23, 2014

Volume

505

Issue

7484

Start / End Page

559 / 563

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Time Factors
  • Microbiota
  • Metagenome
  • Male
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
  • Humans
  • Herbivory
  • General Science & Technology
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
 

Citation

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David, L. A., Maurice, C. F., Carmody, R. N., Gootenberg, D. B., Button, J. E., Wolfe, B. E., … Turnbaugh, P. J. (2014). Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature, 505(7484), 559–563. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12820
David, Lawrence A., Corinne F. Maurice, Rachel N. Carmody, David B. Gootenberg, Julie E. Button, Benjamin E. Wolfe, Alisha V. Ling, et al. “Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.Nature 505, no. 7484 (January 23, 2014): 559–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12820.
David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, Gootenberg DB, Button JE, Wolfe BE, et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014 Jan 23;505(7484):559–63.
David, Lawrence A., et al. “Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.Nature, vol. 505, no. 7484, Jan. 2014, pp. 559–63. Pubmed, doi:10.1038/nature12820.
David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, Gootenberg DB, Button JE, Wolfe BE, Ling AV, Devlin AS, Varma Y, Fischbach MA, Biddinger SB, Dutton RJ, Turnbaugh PJ. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014 Jan 23;505(7484):559–563.
Journal cover image

Published In

Nature

DOI

EISSN

1476-4687

Publication Date

January 23, 2014

Volume

505

Issue

7484

Start / End Page

559 / 563

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Time Factors
  • Microbiota
  • Metagenome
  • Male
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
  • Humans
  • Herbivory
  • General Science & Technology
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial