Combustion sources of particles: 2. Emission factors and measurement methods.
Published
Journal Article (Review)
Emissions from the combustion of biomass and fossil fuels are a significant source of particulate matter (PM) in ambient outdoor and/or indoor air. It is important to quantify PM emissions from combustion sources for regulatory and control purposes in relation to air quality. In this paper, we review emission factors for several types of important combustion sources: road transport, industrial facilities, small household combustion devices, environmental tobacco smoke, and vegetation burning. We also review current methods for measuring particle physical characteristics (mass and number concentrations) and principles of methodologies for measuring emission factors. The emission factors can be measured on a fuel-mass basis and/or a task basis. Fuel-mass based emission factors (e.g., g/kg of fuel) can be readily used for the development of emission inventories when the amount of fuels consumed are known. Task-based emission factors (g/mile driven, g/MJ generated) are more appropriate when used to conduct comparisons of air pollution potentials of different combustion devices. Finally, we discuss major shortcomings and limitations of current methods for measuring particle emissions and present recommendations for development of future measurement techniques.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Zhang, JJ; Morawska, L
Published Date
- December 2002
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 49 / 9
Start / End Page
- 1059 - 1074
PubMed ID
- 12492165
Pubmed Central ID
- 12492165
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
- 1879-1298
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
- 0045-6535
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00240-0
Language
- eng