Regional brain chemical alterations in young children with autism spectrum disorder.
Journal Article
OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated regional brain chemistry for evidence of increased neuronal packing density in autism. METHODS: Forty-five 3- to 4-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 13 children with typical development (TD), and 15 children with delayed development (DD) were studied using dual-echo proton echoplanar spectroscopic imaging (32 x 32 matrix-1 cm(3) voxels) to measure brain chemical concentrations and relaxation times. Chemical quantification was corrected for tissue partial volume and relative measures of chemical relaxation (T(2r)) were calculated from the paired echoes. Measures from averaged and individual regions were compared using analysis of variance corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: ASD subjects demonstrated reduced N-acetylaspartate (NAA) (-10%), creatine (Cre) (-8%), and myo-inositol (-13%) concentrations compared to TD controls and prolonged NAA T(2r) relative to TD (7%) and DD (9%) groups. Compared to DD subjects, children with ASD also demonstrated prolonged T(2r) for choline (10%) and Cre (9%). Regional analyses demonstrated subtle patterns of chemical alterations in ASD compared to the TD and DD groups. CONCLUSIONS: Brain chemical abnormalities are present in ASD at 3 to 4 years of age. However, the direction and widespread distribution of these abnormalities do not support hypothesis of diffuse increased neuronal packing density in ASD.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Friedman, SD; Shaw, DW; Artru, AA; Richards, TL; Gardner, J; Dawson, G; Posse, S; Dager, SR
Published Date
- January 14, 2003
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 60 / 1
Start / End Page
- 100 - 107
PubMed ID
- 12525726
Pubmed Central ID
- 12525726
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
- 1526-632X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1212/wnl.60.1.100
Language
- eng
Conference Location
- United States