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Biologic activity of irradiated, autologous, GM-CSF-secreting leukemia cell vaccines early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Ho, VT; Vanneman, M; Kim, H; Sasada, T; Kang, YJ; Pasek, M; Cutler, C; Koreth, J; Alyea, E; Sarantopoulos, S; Antin, JH; Ritz, J; Canning, C ...
Published in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 15, 2009

Through an immune-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effect, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) affords durable clinical benefits for many patients with hematologic malignancies. Nonetheless, subjects with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia or advanced myelodysplasia often relapse, underscoring the need to intensify tumor immunity within this cohort. In preclinical models, allogeneic HSCT followed by vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF generates a potent antitumor effect without exacerbating the toxicities of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To test whether this strategy might be similarly active in humans, we conducted a Phase I clinical trial in which high-risk acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplasia patients were immunized with irradiated, autologous, GM-CSF-secreting tumor cells early after allogeneic, nonmyeloablative HSCT. Despite the administration of a calcineurin inhibitor as prophylaxis against GVHD, vaccination elicited local and systemic reactions that were qualitatively similar to those previously observed in nontransplanted, immunized solid-tumor patients. While the frequencies of acute and chronic GVHD were not increased, 9 of 10 subjects who completed vaccination achieved durable complete remissions, with a median follow-up of 26 months (range 12-43 months). Six long-term responders showed marked decreases in the levels of soluble NKG2D ligands, and 3 demonstrated normalization of cytotoxic lymphocyte NKG2D expression as a function of treatment. Together, these results establish the safety and immunogenicity of irradiated, autologous, GM-CSF-secreting leukemia cell vaccines early after allogeneic HSCT, and raise the possibility that this combinatorial immunotherapy might potentiate graft-versus-leukemia in patients.

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Published In

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

DOI

EISSN

1091-6490

Publication Date

September 15, 2009

Volume

106

Issue

37

Start / End Page

15825 / 15830

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Transplantation, Homologous
  • Transplantation, Autologous
  • Time Factors
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K
  • Myelodysplastic Syndromes
  • Middle Aged
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
  • Humans
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
 

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Ho, V. T., Vanneman, M., Kim, H., Sasada, T., Kang, Y. J., Pasek, M., … Soiffer, R. (2009). Biologic activity of irradiated, autologous, GM-CSF-secreting leukemia cell vaccines early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106(37), 15825–15830. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908358106
Ho, Vincent T., Matthew Vanneman, Haesook Kim, Tetsuro Sasada, Yoon Joong Kang, Mildred Pasek, Corey Cutler, et al. “Biologic activity of irradiated, autologous, GM-CSF-secreting leukemia cell vaccines early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, no. 37 (September 15, 2009): 15825–30. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908358106.
Ho VT, Vanneman M, Kim H, Sasada T, Kang YJ, Pasek M, et al. Biologic activity of irradiated, autologous, GM-CSF-secreting leukemia cell vaccines early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 15;106(37):15825–30.
Ho, Vincent T., et al. “Biologic activity of irradiated, autologous, GM-CSF-secreting leukemia cell vaccines early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 106, no. 37, Sept. 2009, pp. 15825–30. Pubmed, doi:10.1073/pnas.0908358106.
Ho VT, Vanneman M, Kim H, Sasada T, Kang YJ, Pasek M, Cutler C, Koreth J, Alyea E, Sarantopoulos S, Antin JH, Ritz J, Canning C, Kutok J, Mihm MC, Dranoff G, Soiffer R. Biologic activity of irradiated, autologous, GM-CSF-secreting leukemia cell vaccines early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 15;106(37):15825–15830.
Journal cover image

Published In

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

DOI

EISSN

1091-6490

Publication Date

September 15, 2009

Volume

106

Issue

37

Start / End Page

15825 / 15830

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Transplantation, Homologous
  • Transplantation, Autologous
  • Time Factors
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K
  • Myelodysplastic Syndromes
  • Middle Aged
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
  • Humans
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I