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Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Hammel, SC; Hoffman, K; Webster, TF; Anderson, KA; Stapleton, HM
Published in: Environmental science & technology
April 2016

Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are widely used as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in consumer products. With high detection in indoor environments and increasing toxicological evidence suggesting a potential for adverse health effects, there is a growing need for reliable exposure metrics to examine individual exposures to PFRs. Silicone wristbands have been used as passive air samplers for quantifying exposure in the general population and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here we investigated the utility of silicone wristbands in measuring exposure and internal dose of PFRs through measurement of urinary metabolite concentrations. Wristbands were also compared to hand wipes as metrics of exposure. Participants wore wristbands for 5 consecutive days and collected first morning void urine samples on 3 alternating days. Urine samples were pooled across 3 days and analyzed for metabolites of the following PFRs: tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and monosubstituted isopropylated triaryl phosphate (mono-ITP). All four PFRs and their urinary metabolites were ubiquitously detected. Correlations between TDCIPP and TCIPP and their corresponding urinary metabolites were highly significant on the wristbands (rs = 0.5-0.65, p < 0.001), which suggest that wristbands can serve as strong predictors of cumulative, 5-day exposure and may be an improved metric compared to hand wipes.

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Published In

Environmental science & technology

DOI

EISSN

1520-5851

ISSN

0013-936X

Publication Date

April 2016

Volume

50

Issue

8

Start / End Page

4483 / 4491

Related Subject Headings

  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Silicones
  • Organophosphates
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Hand
  • Flame Retardants
  • Female
  • Equipment Design
 

Citation

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Hammel, S. C., Hoffman, K., Webster, T. F., Anderson, K. A., & Stapleton, H. M. (2016). Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(8), 4483–4491. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00030
Hammel, Stephanie C., Kate Hoffman, Thomas F. Webster, Kim A. Anderson, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes.Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 8 (April 2016): 4483–91. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00030.
Hammel SC, Hoffman K, Webster TF, Anderson KA, Stapleton HM. Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes. Environmental science & technology. 2016 Apr;50(8):4483–91.
Hammel, Stephanie C., et al. “Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes.Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 50, no. 8, Apr. 2016, pp. 4483–91. Epmc, doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b00030.
Hammel SC, Hoffman K, Webster TF, Anderson KA, Stapleton HM. Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes. Environmental science & technology. 2016 Apr;50(8):4483–4491.
Journal cover image

Published In

Environmental science & technology

DOI

EISSN

1520-5851

ISSN

0013-936X

Publication Date

April 2016

Volume

50

Issue

8

Start / End Page

4483 / 4491

Related Subject Headings

  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Silicones
  • Organophosphates
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Hand
  • Flame Retardants
  • Female
  • Equipment Design