Molecular endpoints of Ca2+/calmodulin- and voltage-dependent inactivation of Ca(v)1.3 channels.
Journal Article (Journal Article)
Ca(2+)/calmodulin- and voltage-dependent inactivation (CDI and VDI) comprise vital prototypes of Ca(2+) channel modulation, rich with biological consequences. Although the events initiating CDI and VDI are known, their downstream mechanisms have eluded consensus. Competing proposals include hinged-lid occlusion of channels, selectivity filter collapse, and allosteric inhibition of the activation gate. Here, novel theory predicts that perturbations of channel activation should alter inactivation in distinctive ways, depending on which hypothesis holds true. Thus, we systematically mutate the activation gate, formed by all S6 segments within Ca(V)1.3. These channels feature robust baseline CDI, and the resulting mutant library exhibits significant diversity of activation, CDI, and VDI. For CDI, a clear and previously unreported pattern emerges: activation-enhancing mutations proportionately weaken inactivation. This outcome substantiates an allosteric CDI mechanism. For VDI, the data implicate a "hinged lid-shield" mechanism, similar to a hinged-lid process, with a previously unrecognized feature. Namely, we detect a "shield" in Ca(V)1.3 channels that is specialized to repel lid closure. These findings reveal long-sought downstream mechanisms of inactivation and may furnish a framework for the understanding of Ca(2+) channelopathies involving S6 mutations.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Tadross, MR; Ben Johny, M; Yue, DT
Published Date
- March 2010
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 135 / 3
Start / End Page
- 197 - 215
PubMed ID
- 20142517
Pubmed Central ID
- PMC2828906
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
- 1540-7748
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
- 0022-1295
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1085/jgp.200910308
Language
- eng