Cytoplasmic staining of TTF-1 in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) is a widely used biomarker in surgical pathology. Its nuclear staining is sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of primary pulmonary and thyroid adenocarcinoma as well as small cell carcinomas arising in many organs. The cytoplasmic staining of TTF-1 is also observed, particularly in the benign and malignant hepatic cells. It has been controversial whether TTF-1 cytoplasmic staining is reliable enough to have diagnostic value. This review focuses on this issue and explores the potential application of TTF-1 cytoplasmic staining in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma from other primary and metastatic malignancies in the liver. The mechanism of TTF-1 cytoplasmic staining is also discussed.
Duke Scholars
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Related Subject Headings
- 3207 Medical microbiology
- 3205 Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
- 3202 Clinical sciences
- 1108 Medical Microbiology
- 1103 Clinical Sciences
- 1101 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics
Citation
Published In
DOI
ISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- 3207 Medical microbiology
- 3205 Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
- 3202 Clinical sciences
- 1108 Medical Microbiology
- 1103 Clinical Sciences
- 1101 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics