Determine the incremental increase in cost as well as length of hospital stay associated with several major complications following pulmonary lobectomy using a large national dataset. A retrospective cohort analysis of the 2012 National Inpatient Sample, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database was performed. Demographic and clinical data on patients ≥18 years having undergone an open or VATS lobectomy were included in the analysis. The median increase in cost and length of stay associated with relevant major complications were determined using a multivariable quantile regression model. Nearly one-quarter (24.9%) of hospitalizations for pulmonary lobectomy resulted in at least one complication such as air leak and acute respiratory failure, among others. The most costly complication was empyema with fistula, which was associated with a median net increase in hospital cost of $21,427 and an increased length of hospital stay of 11.6 days. Overall, however, acute respiratory failure accounted for the largest increase in aggregate national costs-$13.4 million. The most common complication was postoperative air leak, which was associated with a median net increase in cost and length of hospitalization of $3219 and 1.9 days, respectively. In aggregate, these complications accounted for nearly $40 million of annual health care expenditures. Complications following pulmonary lobectomy significantly increase in the cost and length of hospitalization. This data has the potential to help identify future areas of improvement, especially in today's era of shifting reimbursement policies aimed at cutting costs and improving health care quality.