Refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal Article (Journal Article;Review;Systematic Review)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A clear understanding of the relationship between refractive error and AMD provides insights into the pathophysiology of AMD. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Embase from their inception to July 2012 for population-based studies with data on refractive error and AMD assessed from retinal photographs at baseline and follow-up. We performed separate meta-analyses for cross-sectional studies and cohort studies using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) under random effects models, respectively. RESULTS: Analysis of the 6 cross-sectional studies showed that hyperopia was associated with higher odds of prevalent AMD (pooled OR hyperopia vs. emmetropia: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.29) and that myopia was associated with lower odds of prevalent AMD (pooled OR myopia vs. emmetropia: 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.92). Analysis from the 3 cohort studies showed nonsignificant associations. Analysis of the 5 cross-sectional and 2 cohort studies showed that each diopter increase in spherical equivalent was associated with increased odds of both prevalent (pooled OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06-1.12) and incident (pooled HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10) AMD. In 3 cross-sectional studies with data on axial length, each millimeter increase in axial length was associated with a decreased odd of prevalent AMD (pooled OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69-0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Refractive error is associated with AMD, although a temporal relationship cannot be determined on the basis of current evidence. Ophthalmologists should be aware that risk of AMD clinically seems to vary by refractive status. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Pan, C-W; Ikram, MK; Cheung, CY; Choi, H-W; Cheung, C-MG; Jonas, JB; Saw, S-M; Wong, T-Y
Published Date
- October 2013
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 120 / 10
Start / End Page
- 2058 - 2065
PubMed ID
- 23706699
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
- 1549-4713
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.03.028
Language
- eng
Conference Location
- United States