Skip to main content
Journal cover image

Refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Pan, C-W; Ikram, MK; Cheung, CY; Choi, H-W; Cheung, C-MG; Jonas, JB; Saw, S-M; Wong, T-Y
Published in: Ophthalmology
October 2013

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A clear understanding of the relationship between refractive error and AMD provides insights into the pathophysiology of AMD. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Embase from their inception to July 2012 for population-based studies with data on refractive error and AMD assessed from retinal photographs at baseline and follow-up. We performed separate meta-analyses for cross-sectional studies and cohort studies using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) under random effects models, respectively. RESULTS: Analysis of the 6 cross-sectional studies showed that hyperopia was associated with higher odds of prevalent AMD (pooled OR hyperopia vs. emmetropia: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.29) and that myopia was associated with lower odds of prevalent AMD (pooled OR myopia vs. emmetropia: 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.92). Analysis from the 3 cohort studies showed nonsignificant associations. Analysis of the 5 cross-sectional and 2 cohort studies showed that each diopter increase in spherical equivalent was associated with increased odds of both prevalent (pooled OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06-1.12) and incident (pooled HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10) AMD. In 3 cross-sectional studies with data on axial length, each millimeter increase in axial length was associated with a decreased odd of prevalent AMD (pooled OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69-0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Refractive error is associated with AMD, although a temporal relationship cannot be determined on the basis of current evidence. Ophthalmologists should be aware that risk of AMD clinically seems to vary by refractive status. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Ophthalmology

DOI

EISSN

1549-4713

Publication Date

October 2013

Volume

120

Issue

10

Start / End Page

2058 / 2065

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Refractive Errors
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry
  • Macular Degeneration
  • Humans
  • 3212 Ophthalmology and optometry
  • 1117 Public Health and Health Services
  • 1113 Opthalmology and Optometry
  • 1103 Clinical Sciences
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Pan, C.-W., Ikram, M. K., Cheung, C. Y., Choi, H.-W., Cheung, C.-M., Jonas, J. B., … Wong, T.-Y. (2013). Refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology, 120(10), 2058–2065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.03.028
Pan, Chen-Wei, M Kamran Ikram, Carol Y. Cheung, Hyung-Won Choi, Chiu-Ming Gemmy Cheung, Jost B. Jonas, Seang-Mei Saw, and Tien-Yin Wong. “Refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Ophthalmology 120, no. 10 (October 2013): 2058–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.03.028.
Pan C-W, Ikram MK, Cheung CY, Choi H-W, Cheung C-MG, Jonas JB, et al. Refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2013 Oct;120(10):2058–65.
Pan, Chen-Wei, et al. “Refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Ophthalmology, vol. 120, no. 10, Oct. 2013, pp. 2058–65. Pubmed, doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.03.028.
Pan C-W, Ikram MK, Cheung CY, Choi H-W, Cheung C-MG, Jonas JB, Saw S-M, Wong T-Y. Refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2013 Oct;120(10):2058–2065.
Journal cover image

Published In

Ophthalmology

DOI

EISSN

1549-4713

Publication Date

October 2013

Volume

120

Issue

10

Start / End Page

2058 / 2065

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Refractive Errors
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry
  • Macular Degeneration
  • Humans
  • 3212 Ophthalmology and optometry
  • 1117 Public Health and Health Services
  • 1113 Opthalmology and Optometry
  • 1103 Clinical Sciences