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Effects of an ad libitum, high carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise training on insulin action and muscle metabolism in older men and women.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Hays, NP; Starling, RD; Sullivan, DH; Fluckey, JD; Coker, RH; Williams, RH; Evans, WJ
Published in: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
March 2006

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise training and weight loss have independent effects on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (ISGD). We hypothesized that ad libitum consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet would result in weight loss and improved ISGD, and that aerobic exercise training would facilitate greater improvements in ISGD compared with diet alone. METHODS: Older participants (13 women, 9 men; age = 66 +/- 1 year) with impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to an ad libitum diet alone (18% fat, 19% protein, 63% carbohydrate) or this diet plus aerobic exercise training (4 d/wk, 45 min/d, 80% VO(2peak)) for 12 weeks. ISGD, abdominal fat distribution, muscle glycogen, and glycogen synthase activity were assessed pre- and postintervention. RESULTS: Consumption of the diet resulted in significant weight loss and an improvement in ISGD. Consumption of the diet plus exercise training also resulted in weight loss and increased ISGD, but results were not significantly different from those in the diet-alone group. Mean abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue cross-sectional areas were smaller postintervention compared to baseline with no difference between groups. Exercise training and consumption of the diet increased muscle glycogen content (344.7 +/- 21.3 to 616.7 +/- 34.4 micromol.g(-1)) and decreased glycogen synthase activity (0.21 +/- 0.02 to 0.13 +/- 0.01) compared to the diet alone. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that consumption of an ad libitum, high-carbohydrate diet alone or in combination with aerobic exercise training results in weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, exercise combined with this diet appears to limit additional increases in insulin sensitivity due to muscle glycogen supercompensation with a concomitant adaptive response of glycogen synthase.

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Published In

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci

DOI

ISSN

1079-5006

Publication Date

March 2006

Volume

61

Issue

3

Start / End Page

299 / 304

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Weight Loss
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Oxygen Consumption
  • Obesity
  • Muscle, Skeletal
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Insulin
  • Humans
  • Gerontology
 

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Hays, N. P., Starling, R. D., Sullivan, D. H., Fluckey, J. D., Coker, R. H., Williams, R. H., & Evans, W. J. (2006). Effects of an ad libitum, high carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise training on insulin action and muscle metabolism in older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 61(3), 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/61.3.299
Hays, Nicholas P., Raymond D. Starling, Dennis H. Sullivan, James D. Fluckey, Robert H. Coker, Rick H. Williams, and William J. Evans. “Effects of an ad libitum, high carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise training on insulin action and muscle metabolism in older men and women.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61, no. 3 (March 2006): 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/61.3.299.
Hays NP, Starling RD, Sullivan DH, Fluckey JD, Coker RH, Williams RH, et al. Effects of an ad libitum, high carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise training on insulin action and muscle metabolism in older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006 Mar;61(3):299–304.
Hays, Nicholas P., et al. “Effects of an ad libitum, high carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise training on insulin action and muscle metabolism in older men and women.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, vol. 61, no. 3, Mar. 2006, pp. 299–304. Pubmed, doi:10.1093/gerona/61.3.299.
Hays NP, Starling RD, Sullivan DH, Fluckey JD, Coker RH, Williams RH, Evans WJ. Effects of an ad libitum, high carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise training on insulin action and muscle metabolism in older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006 Mar;61(3):299–304.
Journal cover image

Published In

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci

DOI

ISSN

1079-5006

Publication Date

March 2006

Volume

61

Issue

3

Start / End Page

299 / 304

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Weight Loss
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Oxygen Consumption
  • Obesity
  • Muscle, Skeletal
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Insulin
  • Humans
  • Gerontology