This entry describes the growth in seafood production and trade and the main factors causing these developments. We then review the leading economic research on the international seafood trade and markets with a focus on interactions of markets and the management of fisheries and aquaculture. Specific examples include the relationship between fisheries management institutions and international trade; the relationship between the value of seafood attributes and production practices; and the development of the Fish Price Index (FPI) by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to address food security concerns.