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Injection practices in a metropolis of North India: perceptions, determinants and issues of safety.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Kotwal, A; Priya, R; Thakur, R; Gupta, V; Kotwal, J; Seth, T
Published in: Indian journal of medical sciences
August 2004

At least 50 percent of the injections administered each year are unsafe, more particularly in developing countries, posing serious health risks. An initial assessment to describe injection practices; their determinants and adverse effects can prevent injection-associated transmission of blood borne pathogens by reducing injection frequency and adoption of safe injection practices.To assess the injection practices in a large metropolitan city encompassing varied socio-cultural scenarios. STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN: Field based cross sectional survey covering urban non-slum, slum and peri-urban areas of a large metropolitan city.Injection prescribers, providers and community members selected by random sampling from the study areas. Pre tested questionnaires assessed knowledge and perceptions of study subjects towards injections and their possible complications. Observation of the process of injection and prescription audit also carried out.MS Access for database and SPSS ver 11 for analysis. Point estimates, 95% confidence intervals, Chi Square, t test, one-way ANOVA.The per capita injection rate was 5.1 per year and ratio of therapeutic to immunization injections was 4.4:1. Only 22.5%of injections were administered with a sterile syringe and needle. The level of knowledge about HIV and HBV transmission by unsafe injections was satisfactory amongst prescribers and community, but inadequate amongst providers. HCV was known to a very few in all the groups. The annual incidence of needle stick injuries among providers was quite high.A locally relevant safe injection policy based on multi disciplinary approach is required to reduce number of injections, unsafe injections and their attendant complications.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Indian journal of medical sciences

EISSN

1998-3654

ISSN

0019-5359

Publication Date

August 2004

Volume

58

Issue

8

Start / End Page

334 / 344

Related Subject Headings

  • Urban Health Services
  • Safety
  • Primary Health Care
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Injections
  • India
  • Humans
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
  • General & Internal Medicine
 

Citation

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Kotwal, A., Priya, R., Thakur, R., Gupta, V., Kotwal, J., & Seth, T. (2004). Injection practices in a metropolis of North India: perceptions, determinants and issues of safety. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 58(8), 334–344.
Kotwal, A., R. Priya, R. Thakur, V. Gupta, J. Kotwal, and T. Seth. “Injection practices in a metropolis of North India: perceptions, determinants and issues of safety.Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 58, no. 8 (August 2004): 334–44.
Kotwal A, Priya R, Thakur R, Gupta V, Kotwal J, Seth T. Injection practices in a metropolis of North India: perceptions, determinants and issues of safety. Indian journal of medical sciences. 2004 Aug;58(8):334–44.
Kotwal, A., et al. “Injection practices in a metropolis of North India: perceptions, determinants and issues of safety.Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 58, no. 8, Aug. 2004, pp. 334–44.
Kotwal A, Priya R, Thakur R, Gupta V, Kotwal J, Seth T. Injection practices in a metropolis of North India: perceptions, determinants and issues of safety. Indian journal of medical sciences. 2004 Aug;58(8):334–344.

Published In

Indian journal of medical sciences

EISSN

1998-3654

ISSN

0019-5359

Publication Date

August 2004

Volume

58

Issue

8

Start / End Page

334 / 344

Related Subject Headings

  • Urban Health Services
  • Safety
  • Primary Health Care
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Injections
  • India
  • Humans
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
  • General & Internal Medicine