Loan Officer Incentives, Internal Rating Models, and Default Rates
Manipulation of hard information has been at the center of a wave of investigations into fraudulent bank behavior, such as mis-selling of mortgages and rigging of London Interbank Offered Rate and Foreign Exchange rates. Despite these prominent cases, little is known as to why employees manipulate hard information. Using almost a quarter million retail loan applications, we show that loan officers who face volume-based incentives significantly manipulate ratings even in settings where ratings are computed using hard information only. Manipulation is widespread across loan officers, with low-performing loan officers manipulating more toward the end of the year. These incentives have a first-order effect on bank profitability, reducing return on equity by 1.5 percentage points. We conclude that reliance on hard information does not overcome loan officer agency problems, and it is important for banks and regulators to take manipulation of hard information into account when using hard information for risk assessment and regulation.
Duke Scholars
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- Finance
- 3502 Banking, finance and investment
- 3501 Accounting, auditing and accountability
- 1502 Banking, Finance and Investment
- 1501 Accounting, Auditing and Accountability
Citation
Published In
DOI
EISSN
ISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Related Subject Headings
- Finance
- 3502 Banking, finance and investment
- 3501 Accounting, auditing and accountability
- 1502 Banking, Finance and Investment
- 1501 Accounting, Auditing and Accountability