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Meal timing during alternate day fasting: Impact on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Hoddy, KK; Kroeger, CM; Trepanowski, JF; Barnosky, A; Bhutani, S; Varady, KA
Published in: Obesity (Silver Spring)
December 2014

OBJECTIVE: Alternate day fasting (ADF; 24-h feeding/24-h 25% energy intake at lunchtime), is effective for weight loss, but diet tolerability is questionable. Moving the fast day meal to dinnertime, or dividing it into smaller meals, may improve tolerability. Accordingly, this study compared the effects of ADF with three meal times on body weight and heart disease risk. METHODS: Obese subjects (n = 74) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups for 8 weeks: 1) ADF-L: lunch, 2) ADF-D: dinner, or 3) ADF-SM: small meals. RESULTS: Body weight decreased similarly (P < 0.001) in all groups (ADF-L: 3.5 ± 0.4 kg, ADF-D 4.1 ± 0.5 kg, ADF-SM 4.0 ± 0.5 kg). Reductions (P < 0.001) in fat mass and visceral fat were also comparable. Plasma lipids remained unchanged, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size increased (P < 0.05) in all groups (1.3 ± 0.5 Å). Systolic blood pressure decreased (P < 0.05) by ADF-SM only. Fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, allowing individuals to consume the fast day meal at dinner or small meals produces similar weight loss and cardio-protection as consuming the meal at lunch. This flexibility in meal timing may increase tolerability and long-term adherence to ADF protocols.

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Published In

Obesity (Silver Spring)

DOI

EISSN

1930-739X

Publication Date

December 2014

Volume

22

Issue

12

Start / End Page

2524 / 2531

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Weight Loss
  • Risk Factors
  • Obesity
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Fasting
  • Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • Diet, Reducing
 

Citation

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MLA
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Hoddy, K. K., Kroeger, C. M., Trepanowski, J. F., Barnosky, A., Bhutani, S., & Varady, K. A. (2014). Meal timing during alternate day fasting: Impact on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring), 22(12), 2524–2531. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20909
Hoddy, Kristin K., Cynthia M. Kroeger, John F. Trepanowski, Adrienne Barnosky, Surabhi Bhutani, and Krista A. Varady. “Meal timing during alternate day fasting: Impact on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults.Obesity (Silver Spring) 22, no. 12 (December 2014): 2524–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20909.
Hoddy KK, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, Barnosky A, Bhutani S, Varady KA. Meal timing during alternate day fasting: Impact on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Dec;22(12):2524–31.
Hoddy, Kristin K., et al. “Meal timing during alternate day fasting: Impact on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults.Obesity (Silver Spring), vol. 22, no. 12, Dec. 2014, pp. 2524–31. Pubmed, doi:10.1002/oby.20909.
Hoddy KK, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, Barnosky A, Bhutani S, Varady KA. Meal timing during alternate day fasting: Impact on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Dec;22(12):2524–2531.
Journal cover image

Published In

Obesity (Silver Spring)

DOI

EISSN

1930-739X

Publication Date

December 2014

Volume

22

Issue

12

Start / End Page

2524 / 2531

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Weight Loss
  • Risk Factors
  • Obesity
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Fasting
  • Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • Diet, Reducing