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Paternal urinary concentrations of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites, fertility measures, and pregnancy outcomes among couples undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Carignan, CC; Mínguez-Alarcón, L; Williams, PL; Meeker, JD; Stapleton, HM; Butt, CM; Toth, TL; Ford, JB; Hauser, R; EARTH Study Team,
Published in: Environment international
February 2018

Use of organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) has increased over the past decade following the phase out of some brominated flame retardants, leading to increased human exposure. We recently reported that increasing maternal PFR exposure is associated with poorer pregnancy outcomes among women from a fertility clinic. Because a small epidemiologic study previously reported an inverse association between male PFR exposures and sperm motility, we sought to examine associations of paternal urinary concentrations of PFR metabolites and their partner's pregnancy outcomes.This analysis included 201 couples enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) prospective cohort study (2005-2015) who provided one or two urine samples per IVF cycle. In both the male and female partner, we measured five urinary PFR metabolites [bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), isopropylphenyl phenyl phosphate (ip-PPP), tert-butylphenyl phenyl phosphate (tb-PPP) and bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP)] using negative electrospray ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The sum of the molar concentrations of the urinary PFR metabolites was calculated. We used multivariable generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the association of urinary concentrations of paternal PFR metabolites with IVF outcomes, accounting for multiple in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles per couple. Models were adjusted for year of IVF treatment cycle, primary infertility diagnosis, and maternal urinary PFR metabolites as well as paternal and maternal age, body mass index, and race/ethnicity.Detection rates were high for paternal urinary concentrations of BDCIPP (84%), DPHP (87%) and ip-PPP (76%) but low for tb-PPP (12%) and zero for BCIPP (0%). We observed a significant 12% decline in the proportion of fertilized oocytes from the first to second quartile of male urinary ΣPFR and a 47% decline in the number of best quality embryos from the first to third quartile of male urinary BDCIPP in our adjusted models. An 8% decline in fertilization was observed for the highest compared to lowest quartile of urinary BDCIPP concentrations (95% CI: 0.01, 0.12, p-trend=0.06).Using IVF as a model to investigate human reproduction and pregnancy outcomes, we found that paternal urinary concentrations of BDCIPP were associated with reduced fertilization. In contrast to previously reported findings for the female partners, the paternal urinary PFR metabolites were not associated with the proportion of cycles resulting in successful implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth. These results indicate that paternal preconception exposure to TDCIPP may adversely impact successful oocyte fertilization, whereas female preconception exposure to ΣPFRs may be more relevant to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Published In

Environment international

DOI

EISSN

1873-6750

ISSN

0160-4120

Publication Date

February 2018

Volume

111

Start / End Page

232 / 238

Related Subject Headings

  • Reproductive Health
  • Prospective Studies
  • Pregnancy Outcome
  • Pregnancy
  • Paternal Exposure
  • Organophosphates
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Flame Retardants
  • Fertilization in Vitro
 

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Carignan, C. C., Mínguez-Alarcón, L., Williams, P. L., Meeker, J. D., Stapleton, H. M., Butt, C. M., … EARTH Study Team, . (2018). Paternal urinary concentrations of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites, fertility measures, and pregnancy outcomes among couples undergoing in vitro fertilization. Environment International, 111, 232–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.005
Carignan, Courtney C., Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón, Paige L. Williams, John D. Meeker, Heather M. Stapleton, Craig M. Butt, Thomas L. Toth, Jennifer B. Ford, Russ Hauser, and Russ EARTH Study Team. “Paternal urinary concentrations of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites, fertility measures, and pregnancy outcomes among couples undergoing in vitro fertilization.Environment International 111 (February 2018): 232–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.005.
Carignan CC, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Meeker JD, Stapleton HM, Butt CM, et al. Paternal urinary concentrations of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites, fertility measures, and pregnancy outcomes among couples undergoing in vitro fertilization. Environment international. 2018 Feb;111:232–8.
Carignan, Courtney C., et al. “Paternal urinary concentrations of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites, fertility measures, and pregnancy outcomes among couples undergoing in vitro fertilization.Environment International, vol. 111, Feb. 2018, pp. 232–38. Epmc, doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.005.
Carignan CC, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Meeker JD, Stapleton HM, Butt CM, Toth TL, Ford JB, Hauser R, EARTH Study Team. Paternal urinary concentrations of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites, fertility measures, and pregnancy outcomes among couples undergoing in vitro fertilization. Environment international. 2018 Feb;111:232–238.
Journal cover image

Published In

Environment international

DOI

EISSN

1873-6750

ISSN

0160-4120

Publication Date

February 2018

Volume

111

Start / End Page

232 / 238

Related Subject Headings

  • Reproductive Health
  • Prospective Studies
  • Pregnancy Outcome
  • Pregnancy
  • Paternal Exposure
  • Organophosphates
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Flame Retardants
  • Fertilization in Vitro