© 2015 American Physical Society. We control the relative coupling strength of carrier and first-order motional sideband interactions of a trapped ion by placing it in a resonant optical standing wave. Our configuration uses the surface of a microfabricated chip trap as a mirror, avoiding technical challenges of in-vacuum optical cavities. Displacing the ion along the standing wave, we show a periodic suppression of the carrier and sideband transitions with the cycles for the two cases 180 out of phase with each other. This technique allows for the suppression of off-resonant carrier excitations when addressing the motional sidebands, and has applications in quantum simulation and quantum control. Using the standing-wave fringes, we measure the relative ion height as a function of applied electric field, allowing for a precise measurement of ion displacement and, combined with measured micromotion amplitudes, a validation of trap numerical models.