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Dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of organophosphate esters in a human skin ex vivo model.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Frederiksen, M; Stapleton, HM; Vorkamp, K; Webster, TF; Jensen, NM; Sørensen, JA; Nielsen, F; Knudsen, LE; Sørensen, LS; Clausen, PA; Nielsen, JB
Published in: Chemosphere
April 2018

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants, plasticizers, and as hydraulic fluids. They are present in indoor environments in high concentrations compared with other flame retardants, and human exposure is ubiquitous. In this study we provide data for estimating dermal uptake for eight OPEs and ranking in OPEs risk assessment. Dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of the OPEs were studied in a Franz diffusion cell system using human skin dosed with a mixture of OPEs in an ethanol:toluene (4:1) solution. Large variation in penetration profiles was observed between the OPEs. The chlorinated OPEs tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and in particular tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), penetrated the skin quite rapidly while tris(1,3-dichlor-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) tended to build up in the skin tissue and only smaller amounts permeated through the skin. For tris(isobutyl) phosphate (TIBP), tris(n-butyl) phosphate (TNBP), and tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP) the mass balance was not stable over time indicating possible degradation during the experimental period of 72 h. The rates at which OPEs permeated through the skin decreased in the order TCEP > TCIPP ≥ TBOEP > TIBP ≥ TNBP > TDCIPP > TPHP > TMPP. Generally, the permeation coefficient, kp, decreased with increasing log Kow, whereas lag time and skin deposition increased with log Kow. The present data indicate that dermal uptake is a non-negligible human exposure pathway for the majority of the studied OPEs.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Chemosphere

DOI

EISSN

1879-1298

ISSN

0045-6535

Publication Date

April 2018

Volume

197

Start / End Page

185 / 192

Related Subject Headings

  • Skin Absorption
  • Skin
  • Plasticizers
  • Phosphines
  • Organophosphorus Compounds
  • Organophosphates
  • Middle Aged
  • Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
  • Humans
  • Halogenation
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Frederiksen, M., Stapleton, H. M., Vorkamp, K., Webster, T. F., Jensen, N. M., Sørensen, J. A., … Nielsen, J. B. (2018). Dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of organophosphate esters in a human skin ex vivo model. Chemosphere, 197, 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.032
Frederiksen, Marie, Heather M. Stapleton, Katrin Vorkamp, Thomas F. Webster, Niels Martin Jensen, Jens Ahm Sørensen, Flemming Nielsen, et al. “Dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of organophosphate esters in a human skin ex vivo model.Chemosphere 197 (April 2018): 185–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.032.
Frederiksen M, Stapleton HM, Vorkamp K, Webster TF, Jensen NM, Sørensen JA, et al. Dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of organophosphate esters in a human skin ex vivo model. Chemosphere. 2018 Apr;197:185–92.
Frederiksen, Marie, et al. “Dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of organophosphate esters in a human skin ex vivo model.Chemosphere, vol. 197, Apr. 2018, pp. 185–92. Epmc, doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.032.
Frederiksen M, Stapleton HM, Vorkamp K, Webster TF, Jensen NM, Sørensen JA, Nielsen F, Knudsen LE, Sørensen LS, Clausen PA, Nielsen JB. Dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of organophosphate esters in a human skin ex vivo model. Chemosphere. 2018 Apr;197:185–192.
Journal cover image

Published In

Chemosphere

DOI

EISSN

1879-1298

ISSN

0045-6535

Publication Date

April 2018

Volume

197

Start / End Page

185 / 192

Related Subject Headings

  • Skin Absorption
  • Skin
  • Plasticizers
  • Phosphines
  • Organophosphorus Compounds
  • Organophosphates
  • Middle Aged
  • Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
  • Humans
  • Halogenation