Factors associated with low-lying intrauterine devices: a cross-sectional ultrasound study in a cohort of African-American women.
OBJECTIVE: The object of this study is to examine factors and symptoms associated with low-lying IUDs as defined by ultrasound. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional sub-study of participants in the Study of Environment, Life-style, and Fibroids (SELF). SELF participants had screening ultrasounds for fibroids at study enrollment; those with an IUD in place are included in this sub-study. Low-lying IUDs were identified and localized. Logistic regression was used to identify factors and symptoms associated with low-lying IUDs. RESULTS: Among 168 women with IUDs at ultrasound, 28 (17%) had a low-lying IUD. Having a low-lying IUD was associated with low education level (≤high school: aOR 3.1 95% CI 1.14-8.55) and with increased BMI (p=.002). Women with a low-lying IUD were more likely to report a "big problem" with dysmenorrhea (the highest option of the Likert scale) as compared to women with a normally-positioned IUD (OR 3.2 95% CI 1.07-9.54). CONCLUSION: Our study found that women with a low-lying IUD are more likely to be of lower education and higher BMI, and to report more dysmenorrhea. IMPLICATIONS: Women who are obese may benefit from additional counseling and closer follow-up after IUD placement. Future research is warranted to investigate IUD placement and possible IUD migration among women who are obese.
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Related Subject Headings
- Young Adult
- Ultrasonography
- Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine
- Intrauterine Devices
- Humans
- Female
- Dysmenorrhea
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Cohort Studies
- Black or African American
Citation
Published In
DOI
EISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- Young Adult
- Ultrasonography
- Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine
- Intrauterine Devices
- Humans
- Female
- Dysmenorrhea
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Cohort Studies
- Black or African American