We describe a numerical framework that uses random sampling to efficiently capture low-rank local solution spaces of multiscale PDE problems arising in domain decomposition. In contrast to existing techniques, our method does not rely on detailed analytical understanding of specific multiscale PDEs, in particular, their asymptotic limits. We present the application of the framework on two examples-a linear kinetic equation and an elliptic equation with rough media. On these two examples, this framework achieves the asymptotic preserving property for the kinetic equations and numerical homogenization for the elliptic equations.