OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify causes for infertility in women with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Women with RA were matched to healthy controls. Differences in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and anovulation were analyzed. RESULTS: Women with RA had lower AMH (β -1.05, 95% CI -2.09 to -0.005), but no difference was observed when AMH was log-transformed. No difference in anovulation was observed. Infertility prevalence was similar between groups, primarily attributable to polycystic ovary syndrome in healthy controls but largely unexplained in women with RA. CONCLUSION: AMH was lower in women with RA, but reasons for infertility among women with RA remain unknown.