Social interactions are fundamental to survival and overall health. The mechanisms underlying social behavior are complex, but we now know that immune signaling plays a fundamental role in the regulation of social interactions. Prolonged or exaggerated alterations in social behavior often accompany altered immune signaling and function in pathological states. Thus, unraveling the link between social behavior and immune signaling is a fundamental challenge, not only to advance our understanding of human health and development, but for the design of comprehensive therapeutic approaches for neural disorders. In this review, we synthesize literature demonstrating the bidirectional relationship between social behavior and immune signaling and highlight recent work linking social behavior, immune function, and dopaminergic signaling in adolescent neural and behavioral development.