Methylphenidate increases willingness to perform effort in adults with ADHD.
Journal Article (Journal Article)
BACKGROUND: A reduced willingness to perform effort based on the magnitude and probability of potential rewards has been associated with diminished dopamine function and may be relevant to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we investigated the influence of ADHD status and methylphenidate on effort-based decisions. We hypothesized that ADHD participants would make fewer high-effort selections than non-ADHD subjects, and that methylphenidate would increase the number of high-effort selections. Furthermore, we hypothesized there would be associations among ADHD severity and methylphenidate-related changes in effort-based and attentional performance across all participants. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: ADHD (n = 23) and non-ADHD (n = 23) adults completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task in which participants select between low-effort and high-effort options to receive monetary rewards at varying levels of reward magnitude and probability. A test of attentional performance was also completed. RESULTS: Overall, participants made more high-effort selections as potential reward magnitude and probability increased. ADHD participants did not make fewer high-effort selections than non-ADHD participants, but ADHD participants showed greater methylphenidate-related increases in high-effort selections. ADHD participants had worse attentional performance than non-ADHD participants. ADHD severity was associated with methylphenidate-related changes in high-effort selections, but not changes in attentional performance. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that methylphenidate increases the willingness to perform effort in individuals with ADHD, possibly due to disorder-related motivational deficits. This provides support for theories of insufficient effort allocation among individuals with ADHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier, NCT02630017.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Addicott, MA; Schechter, JC; Sapyta, JJ; Selig, JP; Kollins, SH; Weiss, MD
Published Date
- August 2019
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 183 /
Start / End Page
- 14 - 21
PubMed ID
- 31226260
Pubmed Central ID
- PMC6628703
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
- 1873-5177
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.06.008
Language
- eng
Conference Location
- United States