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Installation and use of ballast water treatment systems – Implications for compliance and enforcement

Publication ,  Journal Article
Gerhard, WA; Lundgreen, K; Drillet, G; Baumler, R; Holbech, H; Gunsch, CK
Published in: Ocean and Coastal Management
November 1, 2019

The International Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention entered into force in September 2017. In the convention, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) required two options: ballast water exchange (BWE) standard D-1, and ballast water performance standard D-2 which required ballast water treatment systems (BWTSs). We explored the impact of policy on the utilization of BWTSs by examining IMO Type Approval records and country-level databases in the United States and Australia. In December 2018, 65 BWTSs had IMO Type Approval and 13 had US Coast Guard approval. The majority of vessels with BWTSs had either electrolytic or UV treatment systems (Australia, 84%; USA, 89%). From 2016 to 2017, both countries experienced an increase in the percentage of vessels with BWTS, vessels utilizing BWTS, and total ballast discharge treated with BWTS. Based on this analysis, shipowners appear to primarily rely on two treatment technologies in Australia and the United States to meet compliance.

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Published In

Ocean and Coastal Management

DOI

ISSN

0964-5691

Publication Date

November 1, 2019

Volume

181

Related Subject Headings

  • Fisheries
  • 44 Human society
  • 41 Environmental sciences
  • 37 Earth sciences
  • 16 Studies in Human Society
  • 05 Environmental Sciences
  • 04 Earth Sciences
 

Citation

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Gerhard, W. A., Lundgreen, K., Drillet, G., Baumler, R., Holbech, H., & Gunsch, C. K. (2019). Installation and use of ballast water treatment systems – Implications for compliance and enforcement. Ocean and Coastal Management, 181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104907
Gerhard, W. A., K. Lundgreen, G. Drillet, R. Baumler, H. Holbech, and C. K. Gunsch. “Installation and use of ballast water treatment systems – Implications for compliance and enforcement.” Ocean and Coastal Management 181 (November 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104907.
Gerhard WA, Lundgreen K, Drillet G, Baumler R, Holbech H, Gunsch CK. Installation and use of ballast water treatment systems – Implications for compliance and enforcement. Ocean and Coastal Management. 2019 Nov 1;181.
Gerhard, W. A., et al. “Installation and use of ballast water treatment systems – Implications for compliance and enforcement.” Ocean and Coastal Management, vol. 181, Nov. 2019. Scopus, doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104907.
Gerhard WA, Lundgreen K, Drillet G, Baumler R, Holbech H, Gunsch CK. Installation and use of ballast water treatment systems – Implications for compliance and enforcement. Ocean and Coastal Management. 2019 Nov 1;181.
Journal cover image

Published In

Ocean and Coastal Management

DOI

ISSN

0964-5691

Publication Date

November 1, 2019

Volume

181

Related Subject Headings

  • Fisheries
  • 44 Human society
  • 41 Environmental sciences
  • 37 Earth sciences
  • 16 Studies in Human Society
  • 05 Environmental Sciences
  • 04 Earth Sciences