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Investigating the Osteoinductive Potential of a Decellularized Xenograft Bone Substitute.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Bracey, DN; Jinnah, AH; Willey, JS; Seyler, TM; Hutchinson, ID; Whitlock, PW; Smith, TL; Danelson, KA; Emory, CL; Kerr, BA
Published in: Cells Tissues Organs
2019

Bone grafting is the second most common tissue transplantation procedure worldwide. One of the alternative methods for bone repair under investigation is a tissue-engineered bone substitute. An ideal property of tissue-engineered bone substitutes is osteoinductivity, defined as the ability to stimulate primitive cells to differentiate into a bone-forming lineage. In the current study, we use a decellularization and oxidation protocol to produce a porcine bone scaffold and examine whether it possesses osteoinductive potential and can be used to create a tissue-engineered bone microenvironment. The decellularization protocol was patented by our lab and consists of chemical decellularization and oxidation steps using combinations of deionized water, trypsin, antimicrobials, peracetic acid, and triton-X100. To test if the bone scaffold was a viable host, preosteoblasts were seeded and analyzed for markers of osteogenic differentiation. The osteoinductive potential was observed in vitro with similar osteogenic markers being expressed in preosteoblasts seeded on the scaffolds and demineralized bone matrix. To assess these properties in vivo, scaffolds with and without preosteoblasts preseeded were subcutaneously implanted in mice for 4 weeks. MicroCT scanning revealed 1.6-fold increased bone volume to total volume ratio and 1.4-fold increase in trabecular thickness in scaffolds after implantation. The histological analysis demonstrates new bone formation and blood vessel formation with pentachrome staining demonstrating osteogenesis and angiogenesis, respectively, within the scaffold. Furthermore, CD31+ staining confirmed the endothelial lining of the blood vessels. These results demonstrate that porcine bone maintains its osteoinductive properties after the application of a patented decellularization and oxidation protocol developed in our laboratory. Future work must be performed to definitively prove osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells, biocompatibility in large animal models, and osteoinduction/osseointegration in a relevant clinical model in vivo. The ability to create a functional bone microenvironment using decellularized xenografts will impact regenerative medicine, orthopedic reconstruction, and could be used in the research of multiple diseases.

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Published In

Cells Tissues Organs

DOI

EISSN

1422-6421

Publication Date

2019

Volume

207

Issue

2

Start / End Page

97 / 113

Location

Switzerland

Related Subject Headings

  • Transplantation, Heterologous
  • Tissue Scaffolds
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Swine
  • Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
  • Osteogenesis
  • Osteoblasts
  • Neovascularization, Physiologic
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice
 

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Bracey, D. N., Jinnah, A. H., Willey, J. S., Seyler, T. M., Hutchinson, I. D., Whitlock, P. W., … Kerr, B. A. (2019). Investigating the Osteoinductive Potential of a Decellularized Xenograft Bone Substitute. Cells Tissues Organs, 207(2), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1159/000503280
Bracey, Daniel N., Alexander H. Jinnah, Jeffrey S. Willey, Thorsten M. Seyler, Ian D. Hutchinson, Patrick W. Whitlock, Thomas L. Smith, Kerry A. Danelson, Cynthia L. Emory, and Bethany A. Kerr. “Investigating the Osteoinductive Potential of a Decellularized Xenograft Bone Substitute.Cells Tissues Organs 207, no. 2 (2019): 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1159/000503280.
Bracey DN, Jinnah AH, Willey JS, Seyler TM, Hutchinson ID, Whitlock PW, et al. Investigating the Osteoinductive Potential of a Decellularized Xenograft Bone Substitute. Cells Tissues Organs. 2019;207(2):97–113.
Bracey, Daniel N., et al. “Investigating the Osteoinductive Potential of a Decellularized Xenograft Bone Substitute.Cells Tissues Organs, vol. 207, no. 2, 2019, pp. 97–113. Pubmed, doi:10.1159/000503280.
Bracey DN, Jinnah AH, Willey JS, Seyler TM, Hutchinson ID, Whitlock PW, Smith TL, Danelson KA, Emory CL, Kerr BA. Investigating the Osteoinductive Potential of a Decellularized Xenograft Bone Substitute. Cells Tissues Organs. 2019;207(2):97–113.
Journal cover image

Published In

Cells Tissues Organs

DOI

EISSN

1422-6421

Publication Date

2019

Volume

207

Issue

2

Start / End Page

97 / 113

Location

Switzerland

Related Subject Headings

  • Transplantation, Heterologous
  • Tissue Scaffolds
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Swine
  • Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
  • Osteogenesis
  • Osteoblasts
  • Neovascularization, Physiologic
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice