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Non-biological methods for phosphorus and nitrogen removal from wastewater: A gap analysis of reinvented-toilet technologies with respect to ISO 30500.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Trotochaud, L; Hawkins, BT; Stoner, BR
Published in: Gates open research
January 2019

The aims of the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge (RTTC) include creation of an off-the-grid sanitation system with operating costs of less than US$0.05 per user per day. Because of the small scale at which many reinvented toilets (RT) are intended to operate, non-biological treatment has been generally favored. The RTTC has already instigated notable technological advances in non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSS). However, increasingly stringent liquid effluent standards for N and P could limit the deployment of current RT in real-world scenarios, despite the urgent need for these systems. The newly adopted ISO 30500 standards for water reuse in NSSS dictate minimal use of chemical/biological additives, while at the same time requiring a 70% and 80% reduction in total nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. This document provides a brief overview of the mature and emerging technologies for N and P (specifically ammonia/ammonium and orthophosphate) removal from wastewater. At present, the dearth of nutrient removal methods proven to be effective at small scales is a significant barrier to meeting ISO 30500 standards. Closing the gap between RTs and ISO 30500 will require significant investments in basic R&D of emerging technologies for non-biological N and P remediation and/or increased reliance on biological processes. Adaptation of existing nutrient-removal technologies to small-scale NSSS is a viable option that merits additional investigation.

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Published In

Gates open research

DOI

EISSN

2572-4754

ISSN

2572-4754

Publication Date

January 2019

Volume

3

Start / End Page

559

Related Subject Headings

  • 42 Health sciences
  • 32 Biomedical and clinical sciences
 

Citation

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Trotochaud, L., Hawkins, B. T., & Stoner, B. R. (2019). Non-biological methods for phosphorus and nitrogen removal from wastewater: A gap analysis of reinvented-toilet technologies with respect to ISO 30500. Gates Open Research, 3, 559. https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12931.2
Trotochaud, Lena, Brian T. Hawkins, and Brian R. Stoner. “Non-biological methods for phosphorus and nitrogen removal from wastewater: A gap analysis of reinvented-toilet technologies with respect to ISO 30500.Gates Open Research 3 (January 2019): 559. https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12931.2.
Trotochaud, Lena, et al. “Non-biological methods for phosphorus and nitrogen removal from wastewater: A gap analysis of reinvented-toilet technologies with respect to ISO 30500.Gates Open Research, vol. 3, Jan. 2019, p. 559. Epmc, doi:10.12688/gatesopenres.12931.2.

Published In

Gates open research

DOI

EISSN

2572-4754

ISSN

2572-4754

Publication Date

January 2019

Volume

3

Start / End Page

559

Related Subject Headings

  • 42 Health sciences
  • 32 Biomedical and clinical sciences