In vitro and in vivo functions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-enhancing and neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article (Journal Article)

SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against COVID-19. A concern regarding SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is whether they mediate disease enhancement. Here, we isolated NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the N-terminal domain (NTD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike from individuals with acute or convalescent SARS-CoV-2 or a history of SARS-CoV infection. Cryo-electron microscopy of RBD and NTD antibodies demonstrated function-specific modes of binding. Select RBD NAbs also demonstrated Fc receptor-γ (FcγR)-mediated enhancement of virus infection in vitro, while five non-neutralizing NTD antibodies mediated FcγR-independent in vitro infection enhancement. However, both types of infection-enhancing antibodies protected from SARS-CoV-2 replication in monkeys and mice. Three of 46 monkeys infused with enhancing antibodies had higher lung inflammation scores compared to controls. One monkey had alveolar edema and elevated bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cytokines. Thus, while in vitro antibody-enhanced infection does not necessarily herald enhanced infection in vivo, increased lung inflammation can rarely occur in SARS-CoV-2 antibody-infused macaques.

Full Text

Duke Authors

Cited Authors

  • Li, D; Edwards, RJ; Manne, K; Martinez, DR; Schäfer, A; Alam, SM; Wiehe, K; Lu, X; Parks, R; Sutherland, LL; Oguin, TH; McDanal, C; Perez, LG; Mansouri, K; Gobeil, SMC; Janowska, K; Stalls, V; Kopp, M; Cai, F; Lee, E; Foulger, A; Hernandez, GE; Sanzone, A; Tilahun, K; Jiang, C; Tse, LV; Bock, KW; Minai, M; Nagata, BM; Cronin, K; Gee-Lai, V; Deyton, M; Barr, M; Von Holle, T; Macintyre, AN; Stover, E; Feldman, J; Hauser, BM; Caradonna, TM; Scobey, TD; Rountree, W; Wang, Y; Moody, MA; Cain, DW; DeMarco, CT; Denny, TN; Woods, CW; Petzold, EW; Schmidt, AG; Teng, I-T; Zhou, T; Kwong, PD; Mascola, JR; Graham, BS; Moore, IN; Seder, R; Andersen, H; Lewis, MG; Montefiori, DC; Sempowski, GD; Baric, RS; Acharya, P; Haynes, BF; Saunders, KO

Published Date

  • August 5, 2021

Published In

Volume / Issue

  • 184 / 16

Start / End Page

  • 4203 - 4219.e32

PubMed ID

  • 34242577

Pubmed Central ID

  • PMC8232969

Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)

  • 1097-4172

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.021

Language

  • eng

Conference Location

  • United States