Preoperative readiness indicates the patient's capacity to process information, consider possible outcomes, and decide to undergo a surgical procedure. This systematic review examines how the term "patient readiness" is used in the literature and synthesizes how preoperative interventions address readiness. A medical librarian searched five electronic databases to identify articles published between July 1, 2008, and June 30, 2019, that address studies including adult patients scheduled for surgery who participated in programs designed to foster readiness or studies that explored surgical readiness. After extracting 28 studies, the authors assessed the articles for quality and thematically synthesized them to describe actions and indicators of patient readiness according to the Perioperative Patient Focused Model. Readiness can positively influence surgical outcomes (eg, pain, satisfaction); however, there is a paucity of high-level, quality evidence that discusses surgical readiness for perioperative care. Nurses should use the information in this review to improve patient-centered preoperative care.