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How are streamflow responses to the El Nino Southern Oscillation affected by watershed characteristics?

Publication ,  Journal Article
Rice, JS; Emanuel, RE
Published in: Water Resources Research
May 1, 2017

Understanding the factors that influence how global climate phenomena, such as the El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), affect streamflow behavior is an important area of research in the hydrologic sciences. While large-scale patterns in ENSO-streamflow relationships have been thoroughly studied, and are relatively well-understood, information is scarce concerning factors that affect variation in ENSO responses from one watershed to another. To this end, we examined relationships between variability in ENSO activity and streamflow for 2731 watersheds across the conterminous U.S. from 1970 to 2014 using a novel approach to account for the intermediary role of precipitation. We applied an ensemble of regression techniques to describe relationships between variability in ENSO activity and streamflow as a function of watershed characteristics including: hydroclimate, topography, geomorphology, geographic location, land cover, soil characteristics, bedrock geology, and anthropogenic influences. We found that variability in watershed scale ENSO-streamflow relationships was strongly related to factors including: precipitation timing and phase, forest cover, and interactions between watershed topography and geomorphology. These, and other influential factors, share in common the ability to affect the partitioning and movement of water within watersheds. Our results demonstrate that the conceptualization of watersheds as signal filters for hydroclimate inputs, commonly applied to short-term rainfall-runoff responses, also applies to long-term hydrologic responses to sources of recurrent climate variability. These results also show that watershed processes, which are typically studied at relatively fine spatial scales, are also critical for understanding continental scale hydrologic responses to global climate.

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Published In

Water Resources Research

DOI

EISSN

1944-7973

ISSN

0043-1397

Publication Date

May 1, 2017

Volume

53

Issue

5

Start / End Page

4393 / 4406

Related Subject Headings

  • Environmental Engineering
  • 4011 Environmental engineering
  • 4005 Civil engineering
  • 3707 Hydrology
  • 0907 Environmental Engineering
  • 0905 Civil Engineering
  • 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
 

Citation

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Rice, J. S., & Emanuel, R. E. (2017). How are streamflow responses to the El Nino Southern Oscillation affected by watershed characteristics? Water Resources Research, 53(5), 4393–4406. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020097
Rice, J. S., and R. E. Emanuel. “How are streamflow responses to the El Nino Southern Oscillation affected by watershed characteristics?Water Resources Research 53, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 4393–4406. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020097.
Rice JS, Emanuel RE. How are streamflow responses to the El Nino Southern Oscillation affected by watershed characteristics? Water Resources Research. 2017 May 1;53(5):4393–406.
Rice, J. S., and R. E. Emanuel. “How are streamflow responses to the El Nino Southern Oscillation affected by watershed characteristics?Water Resources Research, vol. 53, no. 5, May 2017, pp. 4393–406. Scopus, doi:10.1002/2016WR020097.
Rice JS, Emanuel RE. How are streamflow responses to the El Nino Southern Oscillation affected by watershed characteristics? Water Resources Research. 2017 May 1;53(5):4393–4406.
Journal cover image

Published In

Water Resources Research

DOI

EISSN

1944-7973

ISSN

0043-1397

Publication Date

May 1, 2017

Volume

53

Issue

5

Start / End Page

4393 / 4406

Related Subject Headings

  • Environmental Engineering
  • 4011 Environmental engineering
  • 4005 Civil engineering
  • 3707 Hydrology
  • 0907 Environmental Engineering
  • 0905 Civil Engineering
  • 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience