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Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia: A Concise Review.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Norton, T; Newberry, D; Jnah, A
Published in: Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses
April 2021

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is defined as an uncommon platelet disorder caused by maternal alloimmunization to human-specific antigens (HPAs) that are paternally inherited, resulting in low fetal/neonatal platelet levels and debilitating effects on the newborn. The incidence of NAIT is 1 in every 1000 live births within the United States; it is the most common cause of severe thrombocytopenia (<30 × 109/L) and intracranial hemorrhage in term newborns.The purpose of this article is to discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of NAIT and its implications upon the lifespan of the neonate.A literature review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar (2014-2019). Search terms included NAIT, neonatal/fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, newborn platelets, and intracranial bleeding and NAIT.NAIT can affect first pregnancies and often goes undiagnosed until delivery. Universal screening tools with a focus on HPA-1a typing via noninvasive testing have been successfully trialed and have yielded promising results indicating a 75% reduction in risks associated with NAIT; however, none have been incorporated into practice and prophylactic treatment remains unavailable.Adopting a universal screening tool and prophylaxis for NAIT would allow for early diagnosis and treatment in utero.Many healthcare providers are not familiar with NAIT often focusing on other causes of thrombocytopenia as a potential diagnosis.

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Published In

Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses

DOI

EISSN

1536-0911

ISSN

1536-0903

Publication Date

April 2021

Volume

21

Issue

2

Start / End Page

115 / 121

Related Subject Headings

  • Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune
  • Prenatal Care
  • Pregnancy
  • Pediatrics
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Humans
  • Fetus
  • Female
  • Blood Platelets
  • Antigens, Human Platelet
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Norton, T., Newberry, D., & Jnah, A. (2021). Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia: A Concise Review. Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses, 21(2), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1097/anc.0000000000000775
Norton, Tonya, Desi Newberry, and Amy Jnah. “Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia: A Concise Review.Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses 21, no. 2 (April 2021): 115–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/anc.0000000000000775.
Norton T, Newberry D, Jnah A. Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia: A Concise Review. Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses. 2021 Apr;21(2):115–21.
Norton, Tonya, et al. “Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia: A Concise Review.Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses, vol. 21, no. 2, Apr. 2021, pp. 115–21. Epmc, doi:10.1097/anc.0000000000000775.
Norton T, Newberry D, Jnah A. Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia: A Concise Review. Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses. 2021 Apr;21(2):115–121.

Published In

Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses

DOI

EISSN

1536-0911

ISSN

1536-0903

Publication Date

April 2021

Volume

21

Issue

2

Start / End Page

115 / 121

Related Subject Headings

  • Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune
  • Prenatal Care
  • Pregnancy
  • Pediatrics
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Humans
  • Fetus
  • Female
  • Blood Platelets
  • Antigens, Human Platelet