Balancing growth, reproduction, maintenance, and activity in evolved energy economies.
Economic models predominate in life history research, which investigates the allocation of an organism's resources to growth, reproduction, and maintenance. These approaches typically employ a heuristic Y model of resource allocation, which predicts trade-offs among tasks within a fixed budget. The common currency among tasks is not always specified, but most models imply that metabolic energy, either from food or body stores, is the critical resource. Here, we review the evidence for metabolic energy as the common currency of growth, reproduction, and maintenance, focusing on studies in humans and other vertebrates. We then discuss the flow of energy to competing physiological tasks (physical activity, maintenance, and reproduction or growth) and its effect on life history traits. We propose a Ψ model of energy flow to these tasks, which provides an integrative framework for examining the influence of environmental factors and the expansion and contraction of energy budgets in the evolution of life history strategies.
Duke Scholars
Altmetric Attention Stats
Dimensions Citation Stats
Published In
DOI
EISSN
ISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Related Subject Headings
- Vertebrates
- Reproduction
- Life History Traits
- Humans
- Developmental Biology
- Biological Evolution
- Animals
- 52 Psychology
- 32 Biomedical and clinical sciences
- 31 Biological sciences
Citation
Published In
DOI
EISSN
ISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Related Subject Headings
- Vertebrates
- Reproduction
- Life History Traits
- Humans
- Developmental Biology
- Biological Evolution
- Animals
- 52 Psychology
- 32 Biomedical and clinical sciences
- 31 Biological sciences