Supportive relationships are an essential element in promoting positive child development. This chapter includes a description of implications of mentoring for talented children and youth. To be effective, a mentoring relationship must attend to the bond between the mentor/mentee, the structure and duration of the mentoring, and the knowledge, skills, and characteristics of the mentor. The chapter considers a perspective on middle and high school teachers’ and domain experts’ mentoring in formal and informal environments. It focuses on youth and adolescents because of the high stakes related to their access to effective mentoring and their transition to higher education. This is followed by a discussion of parents’ and teachers’ mentoring of elementary children. Finally, the chapter concludes with a summary of the elements of productive learning environments that mentors need to attend to in order to foster learning environments that will maximize the impact of the relationship.