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HIV disorders of the brain: pathology and pathogenesis.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Del Valle, L; Piña-Oviedo, S
Published in: Front Biosci
January 1, 2006

Infection with HIV-1 has spread exponentially in recent years to reach alarming proportions. It is estimated than more than 33 million adults and 1.3 million children are infected worldwide. Approximately 16,000 new cases are diagnosed every day and almost 3 million people die every year from AIDS, making it the fourth leading cause of death in the world. Since the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid 1990s, the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection has significantly decreased and AIDS has become a chronic disorder. However, neuropathological conditions associated with AIDS are still present in approximately 70 to 90% of patients and can be the result of HIV itself or of opportunistic infections. Here we briefly review the pathology and pathophysiology of AIDS-Encephalopathy, of some of the significant opportunistic infections affecting the brain in the context of AIDS, including Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) a demyelinating disease caused by the human neurotropic JC virus, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcosis and of primary CNS lymphoma, a brain malignancy frequently associated with HIV-1 infection, all of them considered AIDS defining conditions.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Front Biosci

DOI

ISSN

1093-9946

Publication Date

January 1, 2006

Volume

11

Start / End Page

718 / 732

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
  • JC Virus
  • Humans
  • HIV-1
  • HIV Infections
  • Cryptococcosis
  • Central Nervous System Neoplasms
  • Brain Diseases
  • Brain
 

Citation

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MLA
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Del Valle, L., & Piña-Oviedo, S. (2006). HIV disorders of the brain: pathology and pathogenesis. Front Biosci, 11, 718–732. https://doi.org/10.2741/1830
Del Valle, Luis, and Sergio Piña-Oviedo. “HIV disorders of the brain: pathology and pathogenesis.Front Biosci 11 (January 1, 2006): 718–32. https://doi.org/10.2741/1830.
Del Valle L, Piña-Oviedo S. HIV disorders of the brain: pathology and pathogenesis. Front Biosci. 2006 Jan 1;11:718–32.
Del Valle, Luis, and Sergio Piña-Oviedo. “HIV disorders of the brain: pathology and pathogenesis.Front Biosci, vol. 11, Jan. 2006, pp. 718–32. Pubmed, doi:10.2741/1830.
Del Valle L, Piña-Oviedo S. HIV disorders of the brain: pathology and pathogenesis. Front Biosci. 2006 Jan 1;11:718–732.

Published In

Front Biosci

DOI

ISSN

1093-9946

Publication Date

January 1, 2006

Volume

11

Start / End Page

718 / 732

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
  • JC Virus
  • Humans
  • HIV-1
  • HIV Infections
  • Cryptococcosis
  • Central Nervous System Neoplasms
  • Brain Diseases
  • Brain