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The normal and neoplastic perineurium: a review.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Piña-Oviedo, S; Ortiz-Hidalgo, C
Published in: Adv Anat Pathol
May 2008

Peripheral nerves consist of 3 layers with differing characteristics: the endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium. The perineurium represents a continuum with the pia-arachnoid from the central nervous system and extends distally with the sheath of capsular cells of peripheral sensorial organs and propioceptive receptors. It is made of layers of flattened cells surrounded by a basement membrane and collagen fibers, forming concentrically laminated structures around single nerve fascicles. Functionally, the perineurium modulates external stretching forces (that could be potentially harmful for nerve fibers), and along with endoneurial vessels, forms the blood-nerve barrier. Multiple pathologic conditions associated with the perineurium have been described. Perineurial invasion is considered an important prognostic factor in several malignant neoplasms. Perineuriomas are true benign infrequent perineurial cell neoplasms that have been divided in 2 categories: those with intraneural localization and a more common extraneural (soft tissue) group, including sclerosing and reticular variants. Sporadic cases of malignant perineuromas have been reported. Interestingly, neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors may also display perineurial cell differentiation. The histologic appearance of perineuriomas may overlap with other soft tissue spindle cell neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry is imperative for the diagnosis, although in certain cases ultrastructural studies may be needed. Typical perineuriomas are positive for epithelial membrane antigen, glucose transporter-1-1, and claudin-1, and negative for S-100 protein and neurofilaments. Perineuriomas have mostly simple karyotypes, with one or few chromosomal rearrangements or numerical changes and it seems that specific cytogenetic aberrations may correlate with perineurioma subtype.

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Published In

Adv Anat Pathol

DOI

EISSN

1533-4031

Publication Date

May 2008

Volume

15

Issue

3

Start / End Page

147 / 164

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Soft Tissue Neoplasms
  • Peripheral Nerves
  • Pathology
  • Neurons
  • Nerve Sheath Neoplasms
  • Karyotyping
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Humans
  • DNA, Neoplasm
  • Chromosome Aberrations
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Piña-Oviedo, S., & Ortiz-Hidalgo, C. (2008). The normal and neoplastic perineurium: a review. Adv Anat Pathol, 15(3), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0b013e31816f8519
Piña-Oviedo, Sergio, and Carlos Ortiz-Hidalgo. “The normal and neoplastic perineurium: a review.Adv Anat Pathol 15, no. 3 (May 2008): 147–64. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0b013e31816f8519.
Piña-Oviedo S, Ortiz-Hidalgo C. The normal and neoplastic perineurium: a review. Adv Anat Pathol. 2008 May;15(3):147–64.
Piña-Oviedo, Sergio, and Carlos Ortiz-Hidalgo. “The normal and neoplastic perineurium: a review.Adv Anat Pathol, vol. 15, no. 3, May 2008, pp. 147–64. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e31816f8519.
Piña-Oviedo S, Ortiz-Hidalgo C. The normal and neoplastic perineurium: a review. Adv Anat Pathol. 2008 May;15(3):147–164.

Published In

Adv Anat Pathol

DOI

EISSN

1533-4031

Publication Date

May 2008

Volume

15

Issue

3

Start / End Page

147 / 164

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Soft Tissue Neoplasms
  • Peripheral Nerves
  • Pathology
  • Neurons
  • Nerve Sheath Neoplasms
  • Karyotyping
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Humans
  • DNA, Neoplasm
  • Chromosome Aberrations