Transcription factor AP-2 regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is regulated by an enhancer region composed of multiple potential cis-acting regulatory sites. Here, we describe binding sites for the transcription factor AP-2 in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat which modulate HIV enhancer function. One site is embedded within the two previously described kappa B elements, and a second site is detected further downstream. DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments demonstrated that AP-2 binds to the site between the kappa B elements. Interestingly, AP-2 and NF-kappa B bind to this region in a mutually exclusive manner. Mutations which disrupt this AP-2-binding site lower basal levels of transcription but do not affect NF-kappa B-mediated induction by tumor necrosis factor alpha in Jurkat T leukemia cells.
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Related Subject Headings
- Virology
- Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factor AP-2
- TATA Box
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Recombinant Proteins
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Humans
- HIV-1
Citation
Published In
DOI
ISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- Virology
- Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factor AP-2
- TATA Box
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Recombinant Proteins
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Humans
- HIV-1