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Olfactory receptors in macrophages and inflammation.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Orecchioni, M; Matsunami, H; Ley, K
Published in: Front Immunol
2022

Olfactory receptors (ORs) that bind odorous ligands are the largest family of G-protein-coupled receptors. In the olfactory epithelium, approximately 400 and 1,100 members are expressed in humans and mice, respectively. Growing evidence suggests the extranasal functions of ORs. Here, we review OR expression and function in macrophages, specialized innate immune cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis, and destruction of cellular debris and pathogens as well as the initiation of inflammatory responses. RNA sequencing data in mice suggest that up to 580 ORs may be expressed in macrophages. Macrophage OR expression is increased after treatment with the Toll-like receptor 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide, which also induces the transcription of inflammasome components. Triggering human OR6A2 or its mouse orthologue Olfr2 with their cognate ligand octanal induces inflammasome assembly and the secretion of IL-1β, which exacerbates atherosclerosis. Octanal is positively correlated with blood lipids like low-density lipoprotein -cholesterol in humans. Another OR, Olfr78, is activated by lactate, which promotes the generation of tumor-associated macrophages that dampen the immune response and promote tumor progression. Olfactory receptors in macrophages are a rich source of untapped opportunity for modulating inflammation. It is not known which of the many ORs expressed in macrophages promote or modulate inflammation. Progress in this area also requires deorphanizing more ORs and determining the sources of their ligands.

Duke Scholars

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Published In

Front Immunol

DOI

EISSN

1664-3224

Publication Date

2022

Volume

13

Start / End Page

1029244

Location

Switzerland

Related Subject Headings

  • Receptors, Odorant
  • Mice
  • Macrophages
  • Ligands
  • Inflammation
  • Inflammasomes
  • Humans
  • Animals
  • 3204 Immunology
  • 3105 Genetics
 

Citation

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Orecchioni, M., Matsunami, H., & Ley, K. (2022). Olfactory receptors in macrophages and inflammation. Front Immunol, 13, 1029244. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029244
Orecchioni, Marco, Hiroaki Matsunami, and Klaus Ley. “Olfactory receptors in macrophages and inflammation.Front Immunol 13 (2022): 1029244. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029244.
Orecchioni M, Matsunami H, Ley K. Olfactory receptors in macrophages and inflammation. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1029244.
Orecchioni, Marco, et al. “Olfactory receptors in macrophages and inflammation.Front Immunol, vol. 13, 2022, p. 1029244. Pubmed, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029244.
Orecchioni M, Matsunami H, Ley K. Olfactory receptors in macrophages and inflammation. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1029244.

Published In

Front Immunol

DOI

EISSN

1664-3224

Publication Date

2022

Volume

13

Start / End Page

1029244

Location

Switzerland

Related Subject Headings

  • Receptors, Odorant
  • Mice
  • Macrophages
  • Ligands
  • Inflammation
  • Inflammasomes
  • Humans
  • Animals
  • 3204 Immunology
  • 3105 Genetics