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Updated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised in Spanish-speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region: The NP-NUMBRS project.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Díaz-Santos, M; Suárez, PA; Marquine, MJ; Umlauf, A; Rivera Mindt, M; Artiola I Fortuny, L; Heaton, RK; Cherner, M
Published in: Clin Neuropsychol
February 2021

We generated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised (BVMT-R) and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised (HVLT-R) for Spanish-speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region as part of a larger normative project. Methods: Healthy native Spanish-speakers (n = 203; Age: 19-60 years; Education: 0-20 years, 59% women) living in Arizona (n = 63) and California (n = 140) completed the BVMT-R and the HVLT-R as part of the larger Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. Raw scores were converted to T-scores utilizing fractional polynomial equations, which considered linear and non-linear effects of demographic variables (age, education, sex). To demonstrate the benefit of employing our population-specific norms, we computed the proportion of our participants whose test performance fell below one standard deviation (T-score < 40) when applying published norms from non-Hispanic English-speakers, compared to the base rate derived from the new normative sample. Results: The resulting demographically adjusted T-scores showed the expected psychometric properties and corrected the misclassification in rates of impairment that were obtained when applying norms based on the English-speaking sample. Unexpectedly, participants in Arizona obtained slightly lower HVLT-R T-scores than those in California. This site effect was not explained by available sociodemographic or language factors. Supplementary formulas were computed adjusting for site in addition to demographics. Conclusions: These updated norms improve accuracy in identification of learning and memory impairment among Spanish-speaking adults living in the U.S.-Mexico border region. It will be important to generate additional data for elders, as the present norms are only applicable to adults age 60 and younger.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Clin Neuropsychol

DOI

EISSN

1744-4144

Publication Date

February 2021

Volume

35

Issue

2

Start / End Page

374 / 395

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Verbal Learning
  • United States
  • Reference Values
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Middle Aged
  • Mexico
  • Male
  • Language
  • Humans
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
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Díaz-Santos, M., Suárez, P. A., Marquine, M. J., Umlauf, A., Rivera Mindt, M., Artiola I Fortuny, L., … Cherner, M. (2021). Updated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised in Spanish-speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region: The NP-NUMBRS project. Clin Neuropsychol, 35(2), 374–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2020.1861329
Díaz-Santos, Mirella, Paola A. Suárez, María J. Marquine, Anya Umlauf, Monica Rivera Mindt, Lidia Artiola I Fortuny, Robert K. Heaton, and Mariana Cherner. “Updated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised in Spanish-speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region: The NP-NUMBRS project.Clin Neuropsychol 35, no. 2 (February 2021): 374–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2020.1861329.
Díaz-Santos M, Suárez PA, Marquine MJ, Umlauf A, Rivera Mindt M, Artiola I Fortuny L, et al. Updated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised in Spanish-speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region: The NP-NUMBRS project. Clin Neuropsychol. 2021 Feb;35(2):374–95.
Díaz-Santos, Mirella, et al. “Updated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised in Spanish-speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region: The NP-NUMBRS project.Clin Neuropsychol, vol. 35, no. 2, Feb. 2021, pp. 374–95. Pubmed, doi:10.1080/13854046.2020.1861329.
Díaz-Santos M, Suárez PA, Marquine MJ, Umlauf A, Rivera Mindt M, Artiola I Fortuny L, Heaton RK, Cherner M. Updated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised in Spanish-speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region: The NP-NUMBRS project. Clin Neuropsychol. 2021 Feb;35(2):374–395.

Published In

Clin Neuropsychol

DOI

EISSN

1744-4144

Publication Date

February 2021

Volume

35

Issue

2

Start / End Page

374 / 395

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Verbal Learning
  • United States
  • Reference Values
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Middle Aged
  • Mexico
  • Male
  • Language
  • Humans