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The evolution of facial reanimation techniques.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Pan, DR; Clark, NW; Chiang, H; Kahmke, RR; Phillips, BT; Barrett, DM
Published in: Am J Otolaryngol
2023

This review article provides an updated discussion on evidence-based practices related to the evaluation and management of facial paralysis. Ultimately, the goals of facial reanimation include obtaining facial symmetry at rest, providing corneal protection, restoring smile symmetry and facial movement for functional and aesthetic purposes. The treatment of facial nerve injury is highly individualized, especially given the wide heterogeneity regarding the degree of initial neuronal insult and eventual functional outcome. Recent advancements in facial reanimation techniques have better equipped clinicians to approach challenging patient scenarios with reliable, effective strategies. We discuss how technology such as machine learning software has revolutionized pre- and post-intervention assessments and provide an overview of current controversies including timing of intervention, choice of donor nerve, and management of nonflaccid facial palsy with synkinesis. We highlight novel considerations to mainstay conservative management strategies and examine innovations in modern surgical techniques with a focus on gracilis free muscle transfer. Innervation sources, procedural staging, coaptation patterns, and multi-vector and multi-muscle paddle design are modifications that have significantly evolved over the past decade.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Am J Otolaryngol

DOI

EISSN

1532-818X

Publication Date

2023

Volume

44

Issue

3

Start / End Page

103822

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Smiling
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Nerve Transfer
  • Humans
  • Facial Paralysis
  • Facial Nerve
  • Facial Muscles
  • Facial Expression
  • 3203 Dentistry
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Pan, D. R., Clark, N. W., Chiang, H., Kahmke, R. R., Phillips, B. T., & Barrett, D. M. (2023). The evolution of facial reanimation techniques. Am J Otolaryngol, 44(3), 103822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103822
Pan, Debbie R., Nicholas W. Clark, Harry Chiang, Russel R. Kahmke, Brett T. Phillips, and Dane M. Barrett. “The evolution of facial reanimation techniques.Am J Otolaryngol 44, no. 3 (2023): 103822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103822.
Pan DR, Clark NW, Chiang H, Kahmke RR, Phillips BT, Barrett DM. The evolution of facial reanimation techniques. Am J Otolaryngol. 2023;44(3):103822.
Pan, Debbie R., et al. “The evolution of facial reanimation techniques.Am J Otolaryngol, vol. 44, no. 3, 2023, p. 103822. Pubmed, doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103822.
Pan DR, Clark NW, Chiang H, Kahmke RR, Phillips BT, Barrett DM. The evolution of facial reanimation techniques. Am J Otolaryngol. 2023;44(3):103822.
Journal cover image

Published In

Am J Otolaryngol

DOI

EISSN

1532-818X

Publication Date

2023

Volume

44

Issue

3

Start / End Page

103822

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Smiling
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Nerve Transfer
  • Humans
  • Facial Paralysis
  • Facial Nerve
  • Facial Muscles
  • Facial Expression
  • 3203 Dentistry