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Busulfan/etoposide--initial experience with a new preparatory regimen for autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Chao, NJ; Stein, AS; Long, GD; Negrin, RS; Amylon, MD; Wong, RM; Forman, SJ; Blume, KG
Published in: Blood
January 15, 1993

Current intensive chemotherapy for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) results in a complete remission in the majority of patients. Unfortunately, the duration of remission is short and most of the patients will experience a relapse of their underlying disease. Autologous bone marrow (BM) transplantation is being explored as a treatment modality designed to improve relapse-free survival. We have conducted a phase II trial exploring the combination of busulfan (16 mg/kg) and etoposide (60 mg/kg) in an attempt to improve antitumor efficacy using this novel preparative regimen. To date, 50 patients (48 with ANLL and 2 patients with biphenotypic acute leukemia) have been treated. The first 20 patients received unmanipulated BM; 28 patients subsequently received 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) (60 micrograms/mL)-purged bone marrow, and 2 patients with biphenotypic acute leukemia received both 4-HC (60 micrograms/mL) and etoposide (5 micrograms/mL)-purged BM. Thirty-four patients were in first complete remission (CR1), 12 patients in second complete remission (CR2), and 4 patients in relapse. The median time from first complete remission to BM harvest was 3 months (range, 0.8 to 4) compared with median time of 2 months (range, 1.5 to 5.0) for patients in second complete remission. The median time from harvest to transplant was 1 month for both groups (range, 0.4 to 36). A median of 0.7 x 10(8) (range, 0.2 to 1.4) mononuclear cells were infused. Patients achieved an absolute neutrophil count of > or = 500/microL at a median of 26 days (range, 13 to 96), an untransfused platelet count > or = 20,000/microL at a median of 56 days (range, 15 to 278) and a sustained hematocrit > or = 30% at a median of 50 days (range, 19 to 116). Twenty-six patients are alive and in continued CR. Follow-up of the surviving patients ranged from 6 months to 66 months with a median follow-up of 31 months. Patients receiving purged BM have an actuarial disease-free survival of 57% with a relapse rate of 28% compared with patients receiving unpurged BM whose actuarial disease-free survival is 32% with a relapse rate of 62% (P = .06 for relapse rate). The most significant extramedullary toxicities for this regimen are hepatic and cutaneous (including mucositis). The BU/VP-16 regimen is associated with a significant proportion of patients surviving disease free, especially in the group receiving purged BM. Whether this regimen offers a substantial improvement in disease-free survival over currently used regimens will require a prospective randomized study.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Blood

ISSN

0006-4971

Publication Date

January 15, 1993

Volume

81

Issue

2

Start / End Page

319 / 323

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Transplantation, Autologous
  • Time Factors
  • Survival Analysis
  • Recurrence
  • Male
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
  • Immunology
  • Humans
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Female
 

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Chao, N. J., Stein, A. S., Long, G. D., Negrin, R. S., Amylon, M. D., Wong, R. M., … Blume, K. G. (1993). Busulfan/etoposide--initial experience with a new preparatory regimen for autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Blood, 81(2), 319–323.
Chao, N. J., A. S. Stein, G. D. Long, R. S. Negrin, M. D. Amylon, R. M. Wong, S. J. Forman, and K. G. Blume. “Busulfan/etoposide--initial experience with a new preparatory regimen for autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.Blood 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 319–23.
Chao NJ, Stein AS, Long GD, Negrin RS, Amylon MD, Wong RM, Forman SJ, Blume KG. Busulfan/etoposide--initial experience with a new preparatory regimen for autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 1993 Jan 15;81(2):319–323.

Published In

Blood

ISSN

0006-4971

Publication Date

January 15, 1993

Volume

81

Issue

2

Start / End Page

319 / 323

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Transplantation, Autologous
  • Time Factors
  • Survival Analysis
  • Recurrence
  • Male
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
  • Immunology
  • Humans
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Female