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Emotional responses to goal attainment: strength of regulatory focus as moderator.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Higgins, ET; Shah, J; Friedman, R
Published in: Journal of personality and social psychology
March 1997

Goals with a promotion focus versus a prevention focus are distinguished. Chronic ideal goals (hopes and aspirations) have a promotion focus, whereas ought goals (duties and responsibilities) have a prevention focus. The hypothesis that emotional responses to goal attainment vary as a function of promotion versus prevention goal strength (conceptualized as goal accessibility) was tested in correlational studies relating chronic goal attainment (self-congruencies or self-discrepancies) to emotional frequency and intensity (Studies 1-3) and in an experimental study relating immediate goal attainment (i.e., success or failure) to emotional intensity (Study 4). All studies found that goal attainment yielded greater cheerfulness-dejection responses when promotion focus was stronger and greater quiescence-agitation responses when prevention focus was stronger.

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Published In

Journal of personality and social psychology

DOI

EISSN

1939-1315

ISSN

0022-3514

Publication Date

March 1997

Volume

72

Issue

3

Start / End Page

515 / 525

Related Subject Headings

  • Social Psychology
  • Self Concept
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Goals
  • Female
  • Electronic Data Processing
  • Affect
  • 5205 Social and personality psychology
  • 5204 Cognitive and computational psychology
 

Citation

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Higgins, E. T., Shah, J., & Friedman, R. (1997). Emotional responses to goal attainment: strength of regulatory focus as moderator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(3), 515–525. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.72.3.515
Higgins, E. T., J. Shah, and R. Friedman. “Emotional responses to goal attainment: strength of regulatory focus as moderator.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72, no. 3 (March 1997): 515–25. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.72.3.515.
Higgins ET, Shah J, Friedman R. Emotional responses to goal attainment: strength of regulatory focus as moderator. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1997 Mar;72(3):515–25.
Higgins, E. T., et al. “Emotional responses to goal attainment: strength of regulatory focus as moderator.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 72, no. 3, Mar. 1997, pp. 515–25. Epmc, doi:10.1037//0022-3514.72.3.515.
Higgins ET, Shah J, Friedman R. Emotional responses to goal attainment: strength of regulatory focus as moderator. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1997 Mar;72(3):515–525.

Published In

Journal of personality and social psychology

DOI

EISSN

1939-1315

ISSN

0022-3514

Publication Date

March 1997

Volume

72

Issue

3

Start / End Page

515 / 525

Related Subject Headings

  • Social Psychology
  • Self Concept
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Goals
  • Female
  • Electronic Data Processing
  • Affect
  • 5205 Social and personality psychology
  • 5204 Cognitive and computational psychology