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Exposure assessment and gender differences.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Greenberg, GN; Dement, JM
Published in: J Occup Med
August 1994

Exposure assessments for occupational epidemiological studies are typically conducted to (1) establish risk gradients with exposure, evaluating a potential causal relationship, or (2) estimate exposure-response dosimetry for quantitative risk calculations. Unavailable quantitative exposure data require use of surrogate or qualitative measures. Differences in women's employment patterns may make surrogate measures less reliable, resulting in systematic errors. Exposures associated with traditionally female careers have not been fully evaluated. Occupational cohorts are often defined to include workers with a minimum employment duration or employment for some minimum time in exposure-related jobs, thereby excluding many women workers. Even when included among studied and exposed worker cohorts, women's domestic exposures may confound risk evaluation. Male/female differences in xenobiotic uptake, distribution, kinetics, and metabolism may affect the relationship between external exposure and resulting biologically effective dose. Clinical factors alter the recognition of disease among women workers, confounding risk determination. Recognizing these problems during design and analysis of occupational cancer epidemiology research is essential to develop valid preventive strategies.

Duke Scholars

Published In

J Occup Med

ISSN

0096-1736

Publication Date

August 1994

Volume

36

Issue

8

Start / End Page

907 / 912

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Women, Working
  • Women's Health
  • Sex Characteristics
  • Selection Bias
  • Risk Assessment
  • Occupational Exposure
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Epidemiologic Factors
 

Citation

APA
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ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Greenberg, G. N., & Dement, J. M. (1994). Exposure assessment and gender differences. J Occup Med, 36(8), 907–912.
Greenberg, G. N., and J. M. Dement. “Exposure assessment and gender differences.J Occup Med 36, no. 8 (August 1994): 907–12.
Greenberg GN, Dement JM. Exposure assessment and gender differences. J Occup Med. 1994 Aug;36(8):907–12.
Greenberg, G. N., and J. M. Dement. “Exposure assessment and gender differences.J Occup Med, vol. 36, no. 8, Aug. 1994, pp. 907–12.
Greenberg GN, Dement JM. Exposure assessment and gender differences. J Occup Med. 1994 Aug;36(8):907–912.

Published In

J Occup Med

ISSN

0096-1736

Publication Date

August 1994

Volume

36

Issue

8

Start / End Page

907 / 912

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Women, Working
  • Women's Health
  • Sex Characteristics
  • Selection Bias
  • Risk Assessment
  • Occupational Exposure
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Epidemiologic Factors