Bioaerosols and innate immune responses in airway diseases.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We review the role of bioaerosols in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway disease. The focus is on recent discoveries in innate immune responses induced by common components of bioaerosols. RECENT FINDINGS: Common components of bioaerosols include endotoxin, peptidoglycan and beta-glucan; all of which have been associated with inflammatory airway disease. Endotoxin signaling through toll-like receptor 4 is well characterized and updated. Peptidoglycan is now known to signal through three types of molecules: toll-like receptor 2; peptidoglycan recognition proteins; and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain molecules. Beta-glucan, a common fungal cell wall component, signals through the newly discovered receptor, dectin-1. Emerging data indicate that genetic polymorphisms influence the response to bioaerosols. SUMMARY: Activation of the innate immune system by bioaerosols is becoming better understood. This knowledge provides an opportunity to better prevent and treat airway diseases that result from environmental exposure.
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Related Subject Headings
- beta-Glucans
- Pneumonia
- Peptidoglycan
- Immunity, Innate
- Humans
- Endotoxins
- Allergy
- Air Pollutants
- Aerosols
- 3204 Immunology
Citation
Published In
DOI
ISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- beta-Glucans
- Pneumonia
- Peptidoglycan
- Immunity, Innate
- Humans
- Endotoxins
- Allergy
- Air Pollutants
- Aerosols
- 3204 Immunology