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Reaction products of aquatic humic substances with chlorine.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Johnson, JD; Christman, RF; Norwood, DL; Millington, DS
Published in: Environ Health Perspect
December 1982

A major concern of the chlorination of aquatic humic materials is the ubiquitous production of trihalomethanes. A large number of other chlorinated organic compounds, however, have been shown to be formed by chlorine's reaction with humic substances. In this study, humic material was concentrated from a coastal North Carolina lake and chlorinated at a chlorine to carbon mole ratio of 1.5 at pH 12. A high pH was necessary for complete dissolution of the humic material and for production of adequate quantities of oxidation and chlorination products for extraction, separation and mass spectrometric identification. After concentration in ether, samples were methylated, separated with a 50-m OV-17 glass capillary column or a 25 m SP-2100 fused-silica column and identified. A Hewlett-Packard 5710A gas chromatograph interfaced to a VG Micromass 7070F double-focusing mass spectrometer was used. Low resolution, accurate mass measurements were made with a combined EI-Cl source. The ability to do low resolution, accurate mass measurements made possible a rapid scan function necessary for capillary column gas chromatography. Accurate mass measurements allowed increased confidence in the identification of compounds, most of which are not available as standards. The products identified in these studies were chlorinated aliphatic straight-chain acids dominated by di- and trichloroacetic acid and the chlorinated dicarboxylic acids: succinic, fumaric and maleic acids. Chlorinated and unchlorinated aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids and unchlorinated polycarboxylic aromatic acids comprise the remaining bulk of the compounds identified.

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Published In

Environ Health Perspect

DOI

ISSN

0091-6765

Publication Date

December 1982

Volume

46

Start / End Page

63 / 71

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Water Supply
  • Toxicology
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
  • Humic Substances
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Chlorine
  • Chemistry
  • Chemical Phenomena
  • 42 Health sciences
  • 41 Environmental sciences
 

Citation

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Johnson, J. D., Christman, R. F., Norwood, D. L., & Millington, D. S. (1982). Reaction products of aquatic humic substances with chlorine. Environ Health Perspect, 46, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.824663
Johnson, J. D., R. F. Christman, D. L. Norwood, and D. S. Millington. “Reaction products of aquatic humic substances with chlorine.Environ Health Perspect 46 (December 1982): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.824663.
Johnson JD, Christman RF, Norwood DL, Millington DS. Reaction products of aquatic humic substances with chlorine. Environ Health Perspect. 1982 Dec;46:63–71.
Johnson, J. D., et al. “Reaction products of aquatic humic substances with chlorine.Environ Health Perspect, vol. 46, Dec. 1982, pp. 63–71. Pubmed, doi:10.1289/ehp.824663.
Johnson JD, Christman RF, Norwood DL, Millington DS. Reaction products of aquatic humic substances with chlorine. Environ Health Perspect. 1982 Dec;46:63–71.

Published In

Environ Health Perspect

DOI

ISSN

0091-6765

Publication Date

December 1982

Volume

46

Start / End Page

63 / 71

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Water Supply
  • Toxicology
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
  • Humic Substances
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Chlorine
  • Chemistry
  • Chemical Phenomena
  • 42 Health sciences
  • 41 Environmental sciences