Over and over again: rumination, reflection, and promotion goal failure and their interactive effects on depressive symptoms.
Journal Article (Journal Article)
Research indicates that examining failure experiences using an immersed processing style versus a non-immersed, self-distanced open style influences cognitions about the self, motivation, and subsequent depressive symptoms. However, the effect of processing goal failure experiences using these different processing styles have not been adequately incorporated into existing self-regulation theories of depression. In a cross-sectional study, we examined the interactive effects of rumination (versus reflection) and failure to attain promotion goals on depressive symptoms. As predicted, greater levels of promotion goal failure were associated with having more depressive symptoms for individuals who engage in moderate to high levels of rumination. In contrast, among individuals who engage in high levels of self-reflection, promotion goal failure was not associated with an appreciable increase in depressive symptoms. We discuss the implications of these results for self-regulatory theories of depression and treatments for depression.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Jones, NP; Papadakis, AA; Hogan, CM; Strauman, TJ
Published Date
- March 2009
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 47 / 3
Start / End Page
- 254 - 259
PubMed ID
- 19166994
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
- 1873-622X
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
- 0005-7967
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.007
Language
- eng