The Effects of Race, Past Discrimination, and Time on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Modeled Over 24-hours

Objective: This research examined the impact of perceived discrimination on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and daily-level affect during social interaction. Design: For 24 hours, adult African American and Caucasian participants wore an ABP monitor and completed palm pilot diary entries about their social interactions. Main Outcome Measures: Mean level and time-trend trajectories of blood pressure and heart rate were examined as well as mean level measures of positive and negative affect following stressful and nonstressful social interactions. Results: Analyses showed that, after controlling for important covariates, perceived discrimination predicted the slopes of both wake and nocturnal ABP responses, with those who reported more discrimination having steeper daytime trajectories for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and less nighttime dipping in heart rate over time as compared to those who had reported relatively infrequent discrimination. High levels of perceived discrimination were also related to positive and negative affective responses following stressful encounters. Conclusions: These results suggest that, regardless of race, perceived discrimination is related to cardiovascular and affective responses that may increase vulnerability to pathogenic processes.

Duke Scholars

Author Laura Smart Richman Population Health Sciences