Predictive relationships between Resident Inservice Training Examination (RITE) performance and first-attempt success on American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) neurology examinations were assessed in board-eligible residents at the University of Virginia from 1988 to 1998. Third-year RITE results were predictive of success on the written ABPN examination, but they did not adequately predict success on the oral or on combined examinations. Residency programs should consider developing training tools that predict outcome on the oral ABPN examination.