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Assessing urban and rural neighborhood characteristics using audit and GIS data: derivation and reliability of constructs.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Evenson, KR; Sotres-Alvarez, D; Herring, AH; Messer, L; Laraia, BA; Rodríguez, DA
Published in: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity
July 2009

Measures to assess neighborhood environments are needed to better understand the salient features that may enhance outdoor physical activities, such as walking and bicycling for transport or leisure. The purpose of this study was to derive constructs to describe neighborhoods using both primary (neighborhood audit) and secondary (geographic information systems) data.We collected detailed information on 10,770 road segments using an audit and secondary data. The road segment sample was randomly split into an exploratory (60%) and validation sample (40%) for cross-validation. Using the exploratory sample (n = 6,388), seven a priori constructs were assessed separately (functionality, safety, aesthetics, destinations, incivilities, territorality, social spaces) by urbanicity using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Additionally, new a posteriori constructs were derived using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). For cross-validation (n = 4,382), we tested factor loadings, thresholds, correlated errors, and correlations among a posteriori constructs between the two subsamples. Two-week test-retest reliability of the final constructs using a subsample of road segments (n = 464) was examined using Spearman correlation coefficients.CFA indicated the a priori constructs did not hold in this geographic area, with the exception of physical incivilities. Therefore, we used EFA to derive a four-factor solution on the exploratory sample: arterial or thoroughfare, walkable neighborhood, physical incivilities, and decoration. Using CFA on the validation sample, the internal validity for these a posteriori constructs was high (range 0.43 to 0.73) and the fit was acceptable. Spearman correlations indicated the arterial or thoroughfare factor displayed near perfect reliability in both urban and rural segments (r = 0.96). Both the physical incivilities factor and the walkable neighborhood factor had substantial to near perfect reliability in both urban and rural segments (r = 0.77 to 0.78 and r = 0.79 to 0.82, respectively). The decoration factor displayed moderate reliability in urban segments (r = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.38-0.60) and lower reliability in rural segments (r = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.25-0.52).The results of our analyses yielded four reliably and objectively measured constructs that will be used to explore associations with physical activity in urban and rural North Carolina. These constructs should be explored in other geographic areas to confirm their usefulness elsewhere.

Duke Scholars

Published In

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity

DOI

EISSN

1479-5868

ISSN

1479-5868

Publication Date

July 2009

Volume

6

Start / End Page

44

Related Subject Headings

  • Public Health
  • 4207 Sports science and exercise
  • 4202 Epidemiology
  • 3210 Nutrition and dietetics
  • 13 Education
  • 11 Medical and Health Sciences
 

Citation

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ICMJE
MLA
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Evenson, K. R., Sotres-Alvarez, D., Herring, A. H., Messer, L., Laraia, B. A., & Rodríguez, D. A. (2009). Assessing urban and rural neighborhood characteristics using audit and GIS data: derivation and reliability of constructs. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 6, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-6-44
Evenson, Kelly R., Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Amy H. Herring, Lynne Messer, Barbara A. Laraia, and Daniel A. Rodríguez. “Assessing urban and rural neighborhood characteristics using audit and GIS data: derivation and reliability of constructs.The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 6 (July 2009): 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-6-44.
Evenson KR, Sotres-Alvarez D, Herring AH, Messer L, Laraia BA, Rodríguez DA. Assessing urban and rural neighborhood characteristics using audit and GIS data: derivation and reliability of constructs. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. 2009 Jul;6:44.
Evenson, Kelly R., et al. “Assessing urban and rural neighborhood characteristics using audit and GIS data: derivation and reliability of constructs.The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, vol. 6, July 2009, p. 44. Epmc, doi:10.1186/1479-5868-6-44.
Evenson KR, Sotres-Alvarez D, Herring AH, Messer L, Laraia BA, Rodríguez DA. Assessing urban and rural neighborhood characteristics using audit and GIS data: derivation and reliability of constructs. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. 2009 Jul;6:44.
Journal cover image

Published In

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity

DOI

EISSN

1479-5868

ISSN

1479-5868

Publication Date

July 2009

Volume

6

Start / End Page

44

Related Subject Headings

  • Public Health
  • 4207 Sports science and exercise
  • 4202 Epidemiology
  • 3210 Nutrition and dietetics
  • 13 Education
  • 11 Medical and Health Sciences