OBJECTIVE: To report a case of late ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in a woman with lupus nephritis undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) with subsequent transfer into a gestational surrogate. DESIGN: A case report. SETTING: Academic reproductive medicine clinic. PATIENT(S): A 33-year-old woman who presented 10 days after recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection with fatigue, abdominal pain, and bloating, diagnosed as OHSS. INTERVENTION(S): Patient admitted for intravenous fluid hydration, anticoagulation, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Successful detection and management of severe OHSS in a patient with chronically impaired kidney function. RESULT(S): The patient has returned to her baseline condition, and the gestational carrier was noted to have a twin gestation. CONCLUSION(S): In patients with impaired renal function, final oocyte maturation should be triggered with a GnRH agonist rather than hCG.