The experience of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among men, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM), is poorly understood. Consequently, the long-term psychological and behavioral consequences of this phenomenon are unclear. This article provides a critique and synthesis of the existing literature on childhood sexual abuse in MSM. After an examination of prevalence estimates reported in the literature, the mental health and substance abuse behaviors in MSM that were the victims of CSA will be examined. In addition, the relationship between CSA and sexual identity development and HIV risk behaviors is critically evaluated. Finally, implications for nursing practice are explored.